Human resource configurations: investigating fit with the organizational context

The present study investigated how key organizational contextual factors relate to bundles of human resource (HR) practices. In a two-phase study of a sample of 661 organizations representing a full range of industries and organizational size, the authors found that organizations use 1 of 5 HR bundles: cost minimizers, contingent motivators, competitive motivators, resource makers, and commitment maximizers. In addition, the authors showed that the organizations that use a given type of HR bundle may be distinguished by the organizational values they pursue and their organizational structure, thus suggesting that HR choices are related to the context within which organizations operate.     

Eating behaviour, body image, and self-esteem of adolescent girls in Malaysia

This cross-sectional study was undertaken with 489 secondary school girls, ages 15-17 years, to examine disordered eating behaviours of adolescent girls in Malaysia and to estimate associations with body weight, body-size discrepancy, and self-esteem. Dietary restraint, binge eating, body image, and self-esteem were assessed using the Restrained Eating scale of the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire, the Binge Scale Questionnaire, the Contour Drawing Rating Scale, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, respectively. Pearson correlations estimated associations between variables. There were 3.1% underweight, 9.8% at risk of being overweight, and 8.6% overweight girls. A total of 87.3% were dissatisfied with their own body size. Dietary restraint and binge eating were reported by 36.0% and 35.4%, respectively. Body Mass Index (r = .34, p < .01) and body-size dissatisfaction (r = .24, p < .01) were significantly associated with dietary restraint and binge eating, but self-esteem (r = -.20, p < .001) was significantly associated only with binge eating.     

中国城市农民工子女心理健康研究述评

城市农民工子女是指户籍身份还是农民, 有承包土地, 但主要从事非农产业、以工资为主要收入来源的进城务工人员的子女, 他们一般为6~18周岁的适龄上学儿童少年。中国城市农民工子女心理健康的总体水平低于城市当地儿童, 社会认知方面存在着一定的歧视知觉、相对剥夺感和身份认同危机, 情绪情感方面表现为情绪不平衡、孤独(抑郁)倾向较强和自卑(自责)心理严重, 社会适应方面显示出社会适应不良、人际关系紧张与敏感、学习适应性较差和问题行为较多。性别、年龄、人格、应对方式、生活满意度等个体因素以及家庭、学校、社会等环境因素是其心理健康水平的主要影响因素。而关于城市农民工子女的教育干预还没有形成系统, 主要是一些质性的研究。今后研究的重点应包括研究对象与内容的拓宽、研究方法的改进与完善及系统研究和理论建构的加强等。     

记忆中"曾经"的承诺

该文关注“曾经”与“承诺”—“复仇”与“拯救”如何相关特别是如何转换的“记忆的政治”。问题的背景是苦难:作为存在论或现象着的生活世界的基本事实,它是人类唯一可以普遍面对神、面对政治的“救赎地”,而不是“弥撒”中可以流逝的将来时,或在“复仇”中永远走不出的过去时。这里重要的是记忆形式的时间结构发生了根本的变化。因而“曾经”不是无生命力的过去压力(如尼采所批判的和本雅明所清理的);也不是简单转化为复仇的有生命力的权力意志即强权政治(如尼采所一厢情愿的);而是走出复仇的拯救———即走出过去时的———“记忆”中的“曾经”的“承诺”。但事实上,它已不能由西方文化的特质独立承担了。     

高级职业经理人胜任特质评定探索

为了方便企业甄选所需要的高级管理人才,本文就“高级职业经理人胜任特质评定量表”的编制过程及其量表的结构分析做一报告。该量表分为认知基质、组织协调、领导力、个性倾向和自我调节五个纬度和一个测谎的分量表。本研究立足于中国本土文化,采用小组中心访谈和多种统计分析技术对中国的高级职业经理人的胜任特质进行测评,结果显示总量表和各纬度上的项目具有较高的同质性信度和结构效度,具有较好的鉴别力。     

论医疗侵权诉讼中的举证责任倒置规则

医患关系的紧张再次引起了人们对医疗侵权诉讼中举证责任倒置这一规则的关注.在对有关基本知识和人们争议焦点的分析之后,提出了应该在准确理解医疗侵权诉讼中举证责任倒置的适用条件和内容的基础上,结合这一规则设置的目的在当事人之间合理地进行举证责任的分配.     

Age differences in learning from text: Evidence for functionally distinct text processing systems

We investigated the influence of sentence elaboration on self‐regulated learning in order to examine age differences in resource allocation to the construction of textbase‐ and discourse‐level representations. Older and younger adults learned about a topic by reading a series of sentences varying in elaboration (from simple factoids to highly elaborated text) and manner of presentation (progressive change in elaboration vs. random change in elaboration). Younger readers were more likely to recall information from factoids; older adults, from highly elaborated text. Relative to young, older readers showed an advantage in the progressive presentation condition, which minimised frequent changes between textbase‐ and discourse‐level processing. Older adults showed poorer memory monitoring for factoids and less elaborated discourse relative to young, but when passages were highly elaborated or presented progressively, age differences were eliminated. Results support the idea that textbase‐ and discourse‐level encoding arise from functionally distinct systems whose regulation depends on text properties and reader age. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The effects of wording on the understanding and use of uncertainty information in a threshold forecasting decision

Many believe that information about small chances of severe weather would be useful to the general public for precautionary action. What is the best way to explain this kind of information to a non‐expert audience? The studies reported here investigated effects of framing (negative vs. positive), format (frequency vs. probability), likelihood (low vs. high) and compatibility (task‐match) on interpretation of verbal expressions of forecast uncertainty and on subsequent forecasting decisions. The crucial factor was the match between the verbal expression and the overall task goal. Errors increased when there was a mismatch between the expression (e.g. winds less than 20 knots) and the task (e.g. post an advisory when winds will exceed 20 knots). However, framing and format had little impact. We conclude that consideration of user expectations arising from the overall task goal is crucial in explaining uncertainty information to a naïve audience. Global expectations overpower other potential effects. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

非小细胞肺癌靶向药物治疗争论热点

非小细胞肺癌作为全球和我国发病率最高、死亡人数最多的恶性肿瘤,其药物治疗始终是临床肿瘤学界高度关注的焦点之一.肿瘤的药物治疗模式从单纯以细胞毒药物杀伤肿瘤逐步向调节信号传导通路转变,分子靶向药物日益成为治疗肿瘤的重要武器.回顾肺癌靶向治疗的进展,诸多问题需要解决.     

“100% of anything looks good”: The appeal of one hundred percent

People overweight certainty, even when certainty is only an illusion. A vaccine that was described as 100% effective against 70% of disease targets was preferred to one described as 70% effective against 100% of disease targets (Studies 1 and 2). The appeal of 100% extends beyond the probability attribute. In Study 2, participants preferred both of the vaccines above to normatively equivalent vaccines that were less than 100% effective toward fewer than 100% of targets. In Study 3, participants preferred a 100% discount on a cup of coffee every 10 days to other more frequent, but lower amount, discounts. This preference evaporated, however, when savings were framed as points rather than as percentage discounts. We propose that people view 100% as a salient reference point and overweight it in those domains where it cannot be exceeded (e.g., probability, discount); the overweighting is weaker in domains where 100% can be exceeded (e.g., target range, points).