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991.
While previous research has suggested that adults with a history of childhood sexual abuse may be more prone to produce false memories, little is known about the consequences of childhood neglect on basic memory processes. For this reason, the authors investigated how a group of women with a history of childhood emotional neglect (CEN) and diagnosed with recurrent Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) performed on the Deese–Roediger–McDermott paradigm in comparison to control groups. The results indicated that women with MDD and CEN were actually less prone to produce false memories relative to both women with MDD but no CEN and healthy women without MDD and any form of childhood maltreatment. These findings were explained in terms of the inability to extract/retrieve gist memories that support false recognition of critical lures, an explanation that seems to fit well with emerging MRI findings linking childhood neglect to reduced volume of brain regions associated to memory function. 相似文献
992.
Mora PA Berkowitz A Contrada RJ Wisnivesky J Horne R Leventhal H Halm EA 《Psychology & health》2011,26(6):713-727
Adequate assessment of adherence to medical treatment is critical for both research purposes and clinical practice. This study examined the factor structure and longitudinal invariance of the Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS-A10) in a sample of asthmatic patients. We examined longitudinal data from 294 inner-city, adult participants with moderate to severe asthma. Because of ambiguous evidence regarding the dimensionality of the MARS-A10, the data was analysed with exploratory structural equation modelling. We first proceeded by determining the dimensionality of the scale at baseline and examined whether the structure, loadings, intercepts and errors were invariant over the four assessments points. Results indicated that a two-factor structure (factor 1: non-adherence based on experiential changes; factor 2: non-adherence based on intentional medication avoidance) had the best fit to the data (χ(2)(25)=37.69, p=0.05). Longitudinal analyses revealed that the nine items assessing intentional non-adherence were invariant over time. The evidence from the factor analysis suggests that intentional non-adherence is a multidimensional construct. Additionally, longitudinal data provided strong evidence that the items examining intentional non-adherence are invariant over time, indicating that changes in non-adherence scores can be validly attributed to changes in behaviour. 相似文献
993.
Carla Crespo Carlos Carona Neuza Silva Maria Cristina Canavarro Frank Dattilio 《Contemporary Family Therapy》2011,33(2):179-196
In this study we investigated the links between caregiver burden, family environment, and quality of life in 97 pairs of children
with asthma and the one who was determined to be the primary family caregiver. Using structural equation modeling, within-participant
analyses showed that family environment was positively linked to quality of life for both children and parents. Across-participant
analyses demonstrated that parents’ positive perceptions of family environment were associated with parents’ and children’s
improved quality of life. In addition, parents’ perceptions of family environment mediated the link between caregiver burden
and parents’ and children’s quality of life. Implications for intervention with families are discussed in light of this study’s
important results. 相似文献
994.
丙泊酚作为一种新型短效静脉麻醉刺,在临床实践中已经得以广泛应用.本文列举了其临床运用过程中可能呈现的不良反应,分析了这些不良反应的产生原因,并且提出了相应的防治策略. 相似文献
995.
丙泊酚作为一种新型短效静脉麻醉剂,在临床实践中已经得以广泛应用。本文列举了其临床运用过程中可能呈现的不良反应,分析了这些不良反应的产生原因,并且提出了相应的防治策略。 相似文献
996.
The present study examined a dietary approach – lowering energy density – for producing weight loss in obese patients with binge eating disorder (BED) who also received cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) to address binge eating. Fifty consecutive participants were randomly assigned to either a six-month individual treatment of CBT plus a low-energy-density diet (CBT + ED) or CBT plus General Nutrition counseling not related to weight loss (CBT + GN). Assessments occurred at six- and twelve-months. Eighty-six percent of participants completed treatment, and of these, 30% achieved at least a 5% weight loss with rates of binge remission ranging from 55% to 75%. The two treatments did not differ significantly in weight loss or binge remission outcomes. Significant improvements were found for key dietary and metabolic outcomes, with CBT + ED producing significantly better dietary outcomes on energy density, and fruit and vegetable consumption, than CBT + GN. Reductions in energy density and weight loss were significantly associated providing evidence for the specificity of the treatment effect. These favorable outcomes, and that CBT + ED was significantly better at reducing energy density and increasing fruit and vegetable consumption compared to CBT + GN, suggest that low-energy-density dietary counseling has promise as an effective method for enhancing CBT for obese individuals with BED. 相似文献
997.
We report the results of an experiment investigating conditional inferences from conditional assertions such as 'Juan won't go to León unless Nuria goes to Madrid' and 'Either Nuria goes to Madrid or Juan won't go to León'. This experiment addresses Dancygier's claims about the semantics of 'unless' by examining inferential endorsements of 'not-A unless B' and 'Either B or not-A' in the canonical order, presenting the categorical premise after the conditional assertions, and in the inverse order, presenting the categorical premise before the conditional assertions. The results of the experiment confirm that the representation of 'unless' includes two possibilities, although as Dancygier holds one of the possibilities may not be complete. The implications of the results are discussed in the context of the strategic nature of conditional reasoning and recent convergent theories of linguistic processing. 相似文献
998.
The aim of this study was to present a new working memory test following the line of work started by García-Madruga et al. (2007) and to examine its relation to reading comprehension and propositional reasoning measures. In that study we designed a new working memory span test--based on Daneman & Carpenter's (1980) Reading Span Test (RST)--in which the processing task called for an inferential decision--to resolve a pronominal anaphora based on Morpho-Syntactic cues and had people recall the result of this inference. In the current study, besides the RST and the Morpho-Syntactic Anaphora test, we presented a new Semantic Anaphora measure. In order to check the validity of this new Working Memory (WM) task, we used the same reasoning task used in the previous study as well as a new reading comprehension test. The results show the tight relationship amongst working memory, reading comprehension and reasoning, and confirm the validity of the new WM measure. 相似文献
999.
Vertebrates use geometric and featural information for spatial navigation. When both geometric and featural cues are available,
animals can use a variety of spatial strategies based on this information. To examine the nature of these strategies, we manipulated
the spatial relationship between a conspicuous cue and the position of the goal when goldfish (Carassius auratus) were searching
for the exit of a rectangular environment with one distinctive wall. Two groups of fish were used, one with the distinctive
wall close to the goal and the other with the distinctive wall on the other end of the enclosure. Results showed that fish
encoded featural and geometric information in both conditions but the spatial relationship between the goal and the distinctive
wall influences the characteristics of the encoding of the spatial cues and the strategy used to locate the goal. These results
suggest that fish in both procedures use the local featural cues associated with the goal instead of the whole set of spatial
cues as previous studies propose. 相似文献
1000.