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481.
Joy J. Burnham Miguel Mantero Lisa M. Hooper 《Journal of multicultural counseling and development》2009,37(1):2-14
English as a second language (ESL) students present challenges to counselors who are unaccustomed to working with students who speak limited English. A field experience prepared school counselors‐in‐training to develop cultural sensitivity while working with ESL teachers and students. The counselors suggested that early experiential learning fostered multicultural sensitivity and refined counseling skills. Los estudiantes de inglés como segunda lengua (ESL) presentan desafíos para aquellos consejeros que no están acostrumbrados a trabajar con estudiantes con un nivel de inglés limitado. Una experiencia práctica de campo preparó a los consejeros escolares en formación para que desarrollaran una sensibilidad cultural mientras trabajaban con profesores y alumnos de ESL. Los consejeros indicaron que el aprendizaje experiencial en fase temprana fomentó su sensibilidad multicultural y perfeccionó sus habilidades en consejería. 相似文献
482.
Annamma Joy John Sherry Jr. Alladi Venkatesh Jonathan Deschenes 《Journal of Consumer Psychology》2009,19(3):556-566
This paper uses visual and verbal analysis to delve into the multi-faceted ways in which individuals construct their own meanings and shape their own experiences with the Internet. We build on the Zaltman Metaphor Elicitation Technique, and the principles of visual rhetoric to show how perceptual processes affect picture choices, and how these choices contribute to the narrative imagination. Numerous perceptual principles [abstraction, concept formation, perceptual problem solving, constancy, closure, symmetry and balance]are identified in the choice and organization of visual images. The argument we make is that images and words (visual and textual processes) provide deeper insights into our understanding of consumer online experiences. 相似文献
483.
Elizabeth A. Padawer Joy M. Jacobs-Lawson Douglas A. Hershey David G. Thomas 《Current Psychology》2007,26(2):102-108
The present investigation examined the relationships between five demographic variables (age, sex, income, marital status,
and education) and future time perspective. From a theoretical perspective, these demographic indicators were conceptualized
as proxy measures for the social forces that influence the adult expression of this personality dimension. Data were drawn
from six investigations in which a brief measure of future time perspective (Hershey and Mowen in The Gerontologist 40:687–697,
2000) had been administered to one thousand four hundred and ninety eight individuals. Higher future time perspective scores
(i.e., longer future orientations) were associated with being male, increased age, income, and educational level. These main
effects, however, were mitigated by a significant three-way interaction among sex, age, and level of education. These findings
suggest that a complex interplay of variables is responsible for the expression of personality traits at the individual level. 相似文献
484.
Language development is characterized by predictable shifts in the words children produce and the complexity of their utterances. Because acquisition typically occurs simultaneously with maturation and cognitive development, it is difficult to determine the causes of these shifts. We explored how acquisition proceeds in the absence of possible cognitive or maturational roadblocks, by examining the acquisition of English in internationally adopted preschoolers. Like infants, and unlike other second-language learners, these children acquire language from child-directed speech, without access to bilingual informants. Parental reports and speech samples were collected from 27 preschoolers, 3 to 18 months after they were adopted from China. These children showed the same developmental patterns in language production as monolingual infants (matched for vocabulary size). Early on, their vocabularies were dominated by nouns, their utterances were short, and grammatical morphemes were generally omitted. Children at later stages had more diverse vocabularies and produced longer utterances with more grammatical morphemes. 相似文献
485.
Sid E. O’Bryant Joy D. Humphreys Randolph B. Schiffer Patricia B. Sutker 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2007,29(3):137-140
Despite the rapidly growing nature of the Mexican American population in the United States, relatively little is known regarding
cognitive aging among this minority group compared to non-Hispanic, white individuals. The current study was conducted to
describe the nature of cognitive and affective characteristics of Mexican American patients with dementia or other cognitive
disorders on initial presentation to a Memory Disorder Clinic. Archival data were reviewed from this specialty clinic for
219 patients who were evaluated for the first time over a 2-year period. Twenty-two Mexican American patients were identified,
and a sample of 22 matched non-Hispanic white patients was derived for comparison. When compared to non-Hispanic white patients,
Mexican Americans were found in fewer numbers, reported higher levels of anxiety and depression, and produced lower scores
on neurocognitive assessments. Results support the notion that Mexican American patients present for cognitive assessment
and treatment at a greater stage of impairment severity as compared to non-Hispanic whites. 相似文献
486.
A bicycle helmet program was evaluated in three middle schools using a multiple baseline across schools design. Two of the three schools had histories of enforcement of helmet use. During baseline many students riding their bikes to and from school did not wear their helmets or wore them incorrectly. A program that consisted of peer data collection of correct helmet use, education on how to wear a bicycle helmet correctly, peer goal setting, public posting of the percentage of correct helmet use, and shared reinforcers, all of which were implemented by the school resource officer, increased afternoon helmet use and afternoon correct helmet use in all three schools. Probe data collected a distance from all three schools indicated that students did not remove their helmets once they were no longer in close proximity to the school, and probe data collected in the morning at two of the schools showed that the behavior change transferred to the morning. 相似文献
487.
Recent scholars have dismissed the utility of self-esteem as well as programs designed to improve it. The authors challenge these contentions on conceptual, methodological, and empirical grounds. They begin by proposing that the scope of recent analyses has been overly narrow and should be broadened to include specific as well as global self-views. Using this conceptualization, the authors place recent critiques in historical context, recalling that similarly skeptical commentaries on global attitudes and traits inspired theorizing and empirical research that subsequently restored faith in the value of both constructs. Specifically, they point to 3 strategies for attaining more optimistic assessments of the predictive validity of self-views: recognizing the utility of incorporating additional variables in predictive schemes, matching the specificity of predictors and criteria, and using theoretically informed standards for evaluating predictor- criterion relationships. The authors conclude that self-views do matter and that it is worthwhile and important to develop and implement theoretically informed programs to improve them. 相似文献
488.
Fritsch T Larsen JD Smyth KA 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2007,14(4):394-416
The purpose of this study was to examine the role of adolescent IQ (AIQ) and gender in older adults' ability to use cognitive support to enhance memory. Subjects were 269 mid-1940s graduates of the same high school. Adolescent IQ scores were gathered from archives, and subjects' memory for words was tested with tasks that provided increasing cognitive support. Overall, subjects benefited from support; women recalled more words than men; and persons with a high AIQ remembered more words than persons with a lower AIQ. However, while all subjects showed gains from cognitive support, men with a lower AIQ performed worse than men with a high AIQ. Women's performance was not dependent on their AIQ. Analysis of qualitative memory indicators suggested that women and persons with a high AIQ had better encoding and retrieval operations. Men with a lower AIQ appear to be particularly vulnerable to memory deficits in aging. This may be due to low "cognitive reserve" or generally poorer episodic memory function. 相似文献
489.
Mona Larsen 《Applied research in quality of life》2008,3(1):23-42
Population ageing in most western countries involves an increase in public expenditures and the risk of labour shortage. One
way to meet these challenges is to retain older workers in the labour market by improving their work life. This article assesses
whether quality of work life measures differ in importance for male and female workers in their retirement planning. This
study applies samples of workers and retirees born in 1940 and 1945 drawn from Danish panel surveys in 1997 and 2002 and merged
with longitudinal register data. Results suggest that male and female workers’ retirement plans are affected differently by
various aspects of the job. Indeed, job demands lower planned retirement age, while increases in earnings, work hour satisfaction,
and the opportunity to use skills on the job increase this age for men and women. Nevertheless, the impact of earnings is
largest for men, and only male workers attach importance to job control and job security. These gender differences suggest,
first, that men are more influenced than women by the quality of job dimensions in their retirement planning and, second,
that an employer-initiated effort directed towards retaining older workers at the workplace will not necessarily be as effective
for female as for male workers.
相似文献
Mona LarsenEmail: |
490.
Schaverien J 《The Journal of analytical psychology》2004,49(5):683-705
Sending young children to boarding school may be considered a particularly British form of child abuse and social control. The trauma of the rupture with home may be followed by other ordeals such as emotional deprivation and, in extreme cases, physical and sexual abuse. The taboo on expressing emotion, which is common in such institutions, may lead to an encapsulation of the self. Consequently, the needs of the distressed child/self remain active, but unconscious, within the adult. This maybe disguised by an armoured, and very often socially successful, persona. The psychological interplay, between these two facets of the personality, may be detrimental to intimate relationships. In clinical practice the emotional conflict between a desire for intimacy and anticipated exile comes to the fore. Three examples demonstrate how within the transference this may lead to a dependent and erotic atmosphere, which abruptly changes to sever all connection. Changes in the frame, breaks in analysis, and confessions of emotional need are all points at which vigilance is required if such disturbance in analysis is not to end in its abrupt termination. 相似文献