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111.
The effect of SpeechEasy on stuttering frequency during speech produced in a laboratory setting was examined. Thirteen adults who stutter participated. Stuttering frequencies in two baseline conditions were compared to stuttering frequencies with the device fitted according to the manufacturer's protocol. The fitting protocol includes instructions for deliberate use of vowel prolongation. Relative to the initial baseline condition, stuttering was reduced by 74%, 36%, and 49% for reading, monologue, and conversation, respectively. In comparison, stuttering was reduced by 42%, 30%, and 36%, respectively with the device in place, but before participants were instructed to deliberately prolong vowels. Examination of individual response profiles revealed that although stuttering reduced in the device compared to the baseline conditions during at least one of three speech tasks for most participants, degree and pattern of benefit varied greatly across participants. EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES: The reader will be able to: (1) discuss recent research in altered auditory feedback that led to the development of SpeechEasy, (2) analyze and describe issues related to evaluating the treatment benefits of fluency aids, and (3) summarize the range of outcomes that were observed with SpeechEasy in this study. 相似文献
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We explored how variability in the probability of target locations affects visual search in normal individuals and in patients with hemispatial neglect, a deficit in attending to the contralesional side of space. Young and elderly normal participants responded faster when targets appeared in the more probable region than when targets appeared in the less probable region. Similarly, patients were sensitive to the distribution of targets, even in the neglected field. Although the attentional gradient that characterizes neglect was not eliminated, the response facilitation due to the probability distribution was proportionate to that of control participants and equal in magnitude across the neglected field. All participants exploited the uneven distribution of targets to enhance task performance without explicit instructions to do so or awareness of biases in their behavior. These results suggest that attentional orientation and sensitivity to external probabilities are possibly dissociable. An early sensory and a late motor mechanism are postulated as possibly being involved in the observed probability–matching behavior of participants. 相似文献
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The nature of an expert memory advantage that does not depend on stimulus structure or chunking was examined, using more ecologically valid stimuli in the context of a more natural activity than previously studied domains. Do expert hikers and novice hikers see and remember mountain scenes differently? In the present experiment, 18 novice hikers and 17 expert hikers were presented with 60 photographs of scenes from hiking trails. These scenes differed in the degree of functional aspects that implied some action possibilities or dangers. The recognition test revealed that the memory performance of experts was significantly superior to that of novices for scenes with highly functional aspects. The memory performance for the scenes with few functional aspects did not differ between novices and experts. These results suggest that experts pay more attention to, and thus remember better, scenes with functional meanings than do novices. 相似文献
116.
Radtke HB Sebold CD Allison C Haidle JL Schneider G 《Journal of genetic counseling》2007,16(4):387-407
The objective of this document is to provide recommendations for the genetic counseling of patients and families undergoing
evaluation for neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) or who have received a diagnosis of NF1. These recommendations are the opinions
of a multi-center working group of genetic counselors with expertise in the care of individuals with NF1. These recommendations
are based on the committee’s clinical experiences, a review of pertinent English language medical articles, and reports of
expert committees. These recommendations are not intended to dictate an exclusive course of management, nor does the use of
such recommendations guarantee a particular outcome. These recommendations do not displace a health care provider’s professional
judgment based on the clinical circumstances of an individual patient.
Both Heather B. Radtke and Courtney D. Sebold contributed equally to this document. 相似文献
117.
There is a void in the literature with regard to Hispanic parents' views about common interventions for children with behavior problems. The purpose of this study was to examine the treatment acceptability of child management techniques in a Mexican American sample. Parents' acculturation was also examined to determine if it would account for differences in treatment acceptability. Mexican American parents found response cost, a punishment-based technique, more acceptable than positive reinforcement-based techniques (e.g., differential attention). Results suggest that Mexican American parents' acculturation has little impact on acceptability of child management interventions. No association was found between mothers' acculturation and treatment acceptability. However, more acculturated Mexican American fathers viewed token economy as more acceptable than less acculturated fathers. Results are discussed in the context of clinical work and research with Mexican Americans. 相似文献
118.
Schaverien J 《The Journal of analytical psychology》2007,52(4):413-431
Active imagination is at the heart of Jung's elucidation of depth psychology. Yet, in the discourse of present day analytical psychology theory it is not always given the serious attention accorded to some other Jungian concepts. Active imagination emerges spontaneously within the 'third' area--the imaginal or dynamic field--in-between patient and analyst. It is commonly regarded as the patient's experience but I am proposing that, looked upon as the analyst's experience as well, active imagination offers a distinctly Jungian way of understanding some forms of countertransference. I am describing what I think many present-day analytical psychologists already do in their clinical practice but, as far as I know, it has not been theorized in quite this way before. The intention is to exploit the unique contribution of our Jungian heritage by reframing certain profoundly symbolic countertransference-generated imagery as active imagination. In this article these are differentiated from other less complex forms of imaginative countertransference through examples from clinical practice. The point is that such countertransference experiences may activate the symbolic function in the analyst and thus contribute to the mediation of emergent consciousness in the analysand. 相似文献
119.
Jeannie D. DiClementi Joy L. Berrenberg Lisa Giese 《Journal of applied social psychology》2007,37(2):370-379
This study examines the relationship between hypnotizability, perceived self‐efficacy, provider contact, and participants' ability to complete an analogue task modeled after HIV medication schedules. Participants (n=74) completed the Hypnotic Induction Profile, received instructions designed to manipulate their perceptions of self‐efficacy, and assigned to provider contact conditions (high vs. low). Participants were given jellybeans, a schedule for consuming them, and report logs. A main effect for susceptibility was found, such that participants rated high in susceptibility were more successful in following the schedule than those low in susceptibility. This is consistent with previous research that found initial positive responses to therapeutic interventions among highly hypnotizable psychiatric patients. Suggestions for modifying adherence interventions depending on level of hypnotizability. 相似文献
120.