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931.
932.
Joshua D. Clapp J. Gayle Beck 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2009,31(3):256-263
Quantification of posttraumatic numbing (PTN) has largely been limited to the assessment of a small number of items taken
directly from the DSM. The current study takes steps to expand the content validity of PTN through examination of the Glover
Numbing Scale (GNS), one of the few available measures specific to PTN. Specifically, the factor structure of the GNS and
its convergence with DSM-based indices of PTN were examined in a sample of motor vehicle accident survivors (MVA; N = 288). Whereas the 5-factor structure originally proposed by Glover et al. Anxiety 1:70–79 (1994) evidenced a poor fit to the sample data, exploratory analysis suggested a 1-factor structure underlying data collected from
the sample. Furthermore, GNS scores derived from this solution evidenced a strong convergent relationship with DSM-based PTN.
These data suggest that alternative indicators contained within the GNS may be used to expand current conceptualizations of
PTN.
相似文献
J. Gayle BeckEmail: |
933.
Carlos David Navarrete Daniel M.T. Fessler Diana Santos Fleischman Joshua Geyer 《Psychological science》2009,20(6):661-665
ABSTRACT— Although a considerable body of research explores alterations in women's mating-relevant preferences across the menstrual cycle, investigators have yet to examine the potential for the menstrual cycle to influence intergroup attitudes. We examined the effects of changes in conception risk across the menstrual cycle on intergroup bias and found that increased conception risk was positively associated with several measures of race bias. This association was particularly strong when perceived vulnerability to sexual coercion was high. Our findings highlight the potential for hypotheses informed by an evolutionary perspective to generate new knowledge about current social problems—an avenue that may lead to new predictions in the study of intergroup relations. 相似文献
934.
Joshua D. Foster Jessica W. Shenesey Joshua S. Goff 《Personality and individual differences》2009,47(8):885-889
Much prior research demonstrates that narcissists take more risks than others, but almost no research has examined what motivates this behavior. The present study tested two potential driving mechanisms of risk-taking by narcissists (i.e., heightened perceptions of benefits and diminished perceptions of risks stemming from risky behaviors) by administering survey measures of narcissism and risk-taking to a sample of 605 undergraduate college students. Contrary to what might be expected, the results suggest that narcissists appreciate the risks associated with risky behaviors just as much as do less narcissistic individuals. Their risk-taking appears to instead be fueled by heightened perceptions of benefits stemming from risky behaviors. These results are consistent with a growing body of evidence suggesting that narcissists engage in some forms of potentially problematic behaviors, such as risk-taking, because of a surplus of eagerness rather than a deficit of inhibition. 相似文献
935.
Joshua W. Brown 《Psychological research》2009,73(6):744-750
Recent work on cognitive control has suggested a variety of performance monitoring functions of the anterior cingulate cortex
such as errors, conflict, error likelihood, and others. Given the variety of monitoring effects, a corresponding variety of
control effects on behavior might be expected. This paper explores whether conflict and error likelihood produce distinct
cognitive control effects on behavior, as measured by response time. A Change signal task (Brown & Braver, Science 307:1118–1121,
2005) was modified to include conditions of likely errors due to tardy as well as premature responses in conditions with and without
conflict. The results discriminate between competing hypotheses of independent versus interacting conflict and error likelihood
control effects. Specifically, the results suggest that the likelihood of premature versus tardy response errors can lead
to multiple distinct control effects, which are independent of cognitive control effects driven by response conflict. As a
whole, the results point to the existence of multiple distinct cognitive control mechanisms and challenge existing models
of cognitive control that incorporate only a single control signal. 相似文献
936.
Joshua D. Greene 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2009,45(3):581-584
A substantial body of research supports a dual-process theory of moral judgment, according to which characteristically deontological judgments are driven by automatic emotional responses, while characteristically utilitarian judgments are driven by controlled cognitive processes. This theory was initially supported by neuroimaging and reaction time (RT) data. McGuire et al. have reanalyzed these initial RT data and claim that, in light of their findings, the dual-process theory of moral judgment and the personal/impersonal distinction now lack support. While McGuire and colleagues have convincingly overturned Greene et al.’s interpretation of their original RT data, their claim that the dual-process theory now lacks support overstates the implications of their findings. McGuire and colleagues ignore the results of several more recent behavioral studies, including the study that bears most directly on their critique. They dismiss without adequate justification the results of a more recent neuroimaging study, three more recent patient studies, and an emotion-induction study. Their broader critique is based largely on their conflation of the dual-process theory with the personal/impersonal distinction, which are independent. 相似文献
937.
We formulate a new modal ontological argument; specifically, we show that there is a possible world in which an entity that has at least the property of omnipotence exists. Then we argue that if such an entity is possible, it is necessary as well. 相似文献
938.
Goh JO Chee MW Tan JC Venkatraman V Hebrank A Leshikar ED Jenkins L Sutton BP Gutchess AH Park DC 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2007,7(1):44-52
Behavioral differences in the visual processing of objects and backgrounds as a function of cultural group are well documented.
Recent neuroimaging evidence also points to cultural differences in neural activation patterns. Compared with East Asians,
Westerners’ visual processing is more object focused, and they activate neural structures that reflect this bias for objects.
In a recent adaptation study, East Asian older adults showed an absence of an object-processing area but normal adaptation
for background areas. In the present study, 75 young and old adults (half East Asian and half Western) were tested in an fMR-adaptation
study to examine differences in object and background processing as well as object—background binding. We found equivalent
background processing in the parahippocampal gyrus in all four groups, diminished binding processes in the hippocampus in
elderly East Asians and Westerners, and diminished object processing in elderly versus young adults in the lateral occipital
complex. Moreover, elderly East Asians showed significantly less adaptation response in the object areas than did elderly
Westerners. These findings demonstrate the malleability of perceptual processes as a result of differences in cohort-specific
experiences or in cultural exposure over time. 相似文献
939.
Kyle Lewis Maura Belliveau Benjamin Herndon Joshua Keller 《Organizational behavior and human decision processes》2007
This study analyzes the effects of group membership change on group cognition and performance to determine how groups can simultaneously leverage oldtimers’ collective knowledge and a newcomer’s expertise. Our analysis focuses specifically on the interrelated effects of the two components of a transactive memory system (TMS)—TMS structure and TMS processes—to explain the cognitive mechanisms through which membership change affects group performance. Results from a laboratory study show that groups that experience partial membership change tend to rely on the TMS structure that oldtimers developed in their original group, and that doing so is ultimately detrimental to performance because it creates inefficient TMS processes. Results from a supplemental study indicate that these TMS process inefficiencies can be avoided when oldtimers are instructed to reflect upon their collective knowledge prior to task execution. We discuss the implications for managing group cognition in organizations where membership change is prevalent. 相似文献
940.
Negative affect measures were evaluated in a cross-sectional community sample of adults aged 18-93 (N = 335) to examine the structure of neuroticism, anxiety, and depressive symptoms in young, middle, and older adult cohorts. Structural equation modeling was used to contrast 3 nested models: a 1-factor general distress model; a 2-factor high negative-low positive affect model; and a 3-factor "tripartite model" reflecting a higher order Negative Affect factor that is common to depression and anxiety problems and 2 lower order factors, Low Positive Affect (mostly specific to depression) and Arousal (specific to anxiety/panic). As expected, the tripartite model fit best for all age groups. Further, multigroup analyses indicated age invariance for the tripartite model, suggesting the model can be effectively applied with older populations. 相似文献