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51.
Josh Reeves 《Theology & Science》2013,11(4):395-409
The work of the philosopher of science Imre Lakatos has been highly influential upon scholars of science and religion, especially persons who want to demonstrate how theological inquiry may meet the intellectual standards of science. I first argue against Lakatos' position, showing how it fails to meet its own ambitions of providing clear and public criteria for assessing scientific theories. I then argue that the same weaknesses will manifest themselves in the work of his followers, using Nancey Murphy's early work as an example. I conclude by affirming Murphy's recent shift towards Alasdair MacIntyre's theory of rationality. 相似文献
52.
Josh Parsons 《Australasian journal of philosophy》2013,91(4):591-602
I argue that Colin Cheyne and Charles Pigden's recent attempt to find truthmakers for negative truths fails. Though Cheyne and Pigden are correct in their treatment of some of the truths they set out to find truthmakers for (such as ‘There is no hippopotamus in S223’ and ‘Theatetus is not flying’) they over-generalize when they apply the same treatment to ‘There are no unicorns’. In my view, this difficulty is ineliminable: not every truth has a truthmaker. 相似文献
53.
Attentional bias for threat has been implicated in the contamination fear (CF) subtype of obsessive-compulsive disorder, but the components of the bias (facilitated attention versus difficulty in disengagement) and the stage of processing during which the bias occurs (early versus late stage of processing) remains unclear. Further, it is unclear whether attentional biases in CF are towards fear or disgust-related stimuli. The present study examined attentional biases in a group of individuals selected to have elevated CF (n = 23) and a control group (n = 28) using the spatial cueing task. Stimuli were neutral, disgusting, or frightening pictures presented for either 100 or 500 ms. Results revealed evidence for delayed disengagement from both fear and disgust stimuli in the CF group, but not in the control group. The effect appeared to be greater at 500 ms stimulus presentation, but did not appear to differ between fear and disgust stimuli. The CF group was associated with delayed disengagement from threat even when controlling for generic response slowing. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed. 相似文献
54.
Josh D. Landau Hajime Otani Terry M. Libkuman 《The Journal of general psychology》2013,140(4):499-507
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of locus of control on implicit and explicit memory. We hypothesized that internals would rely on semantic processing, externals on perceptual processing. In Experiment 1, 80 college students studied 36 words and completed an implicit memory test in either a consistent or cross-modality condition. The results revealed that externals had higher priming scores than did internals, regardless of modality. In Experiment 2, 80 college students took either an implicit or explicit test. The results again revealed that externals showed higher priming scores than internals. The higher priming scores exhibited by the externals do not necessarily mean that they are more perceptually oriented than the internals are. 相似文献
55.
Josh Weisberg 《Synthese》2008,160(2):161-181
The same-order representation theory of consciousness holds that conscious mental states represent both the world and themselves.
This complex representational structure is posited in part to avoid a powerful objection to the more traditional higher-order
representation theory of consciousness. The objection contends that the higher-order theory fails to account for the intimate
relationship that holds between conscious states and our awareness of them–the theory ‘divides the phenomenal labor’ in an
illicit fashion. This ‘failure of intimacy’ is exposed by the possibility of misrepresentation by higher-order states. In
this paper, I argue that despite appearances, the same-order theory fails to avoid the objection, and thus also has troubles
with intimacy.
A version of this paper was presented at the ‘Self-Representational Approaches to Consciousness’ conference, Center for Consciousness
Studies, University of Arizona, March 18th–20th, 2005. 相似文献
56.
Mohr CD Brannan D Mohr J Armeli S Tennen H 《Personality & social psychology bulletin》2008,34(9):1249-1259
Positive experiences play an important role in buffering the effects of negative experiences. Although this process can play out in a myriad of contexts, the college context is one of particular importance because of significant concerns about student stress levels and alcohol abuse. Building on evidence that at least some students drink in response to negative experiences, we considered the possibility that positive moods would moderate college student negative mood-drinking relationships. Using a Web-based daily process study of 118 (57% women) undergraduate student drinkers, the authors reveal that positive moods indeed buffer the effects of negative moods on student drinking, depending on the mood and drinking context. Furthermore, the buffering of ashamed mood appears to explain the buffering of other negative moods. Implications of these findings are considered in terms of the relationship between negative self-awareness and drinking to cope. 相似文献
57.
Mervin Blair Grace Ferreria Sascha Gill Rebecca King Josh Hanna Denise Deluca 《International journal of group psychotherapy》2017,67(4):500-518
We examined whether dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) was feasible and effective in multiple sclerosis (MS). A convenience sample of 20 patients with anxiety or depression symptoms received either DBT (n = 10) or standard medical care (n = 10). The DBT protocol was found to be feasible in the MS population studied (e.g., good retention and acceptability). For the DBT group, significant improvements were demonstrated in self-rated and clinician-rated depressive symptoms, clinician-rated anxiety symptoms, self-rated general psychopathology symptoms, and quality of life. In contrast, the standard medical care group retained for exploratory purposes showed no significant improvements. This pilot work provides preliminary support for the utility of DBT in MS, but further work is needed to clarify this benefit using a large, randomized controlled approach. 相似文献
58.
ABSTRACTThe perceptual brain is designed around multisensory input. Areas once thought dedicated to a single sense are now known to work with multiple senses. It has been argued that the multisensory nature of the brain reflects a cortical architecture for which task, rather than sensory system, is the primary design principle. This supramodal thesis is supported by recent research on human echolocation and multisensory speech perception. In this review, we discuss the behavioural implications of a supramodal architecture, especially as they pertain to auditory perception. We suggest that the architecture implies a degree of perceptual parity between the senses and that cross-sensory integration occurs early and completely. We also argue that a supramodal architecture implies that perceptual experience can be shared across modalities and that this sharing should occur even without bimodal experience. We finish by briefly suggesting areas of future research. 相似文献
59.
Kenneth W. Merrell Josh C. Felver-Gant Karalyn M. Tom 《Journal of child and family studies》2011,20(4):529-540
Based on the premises that strength-based assessment of children and adolescents is an important emerging area, and that additional
tools for this purpose are needed, this study details development and validation efforts on a new strength-based assessment:
the Social-Emotional Assets and Resilience Scale, parent form (SEARS-P). Following careful development of a comprehensive
research prototype assessment, a large and diverse nationwide sample of more than 2,000 ratings of school-age children and
adolescents were obtained from their parents and other caregivers. Factor analytic procedures revealed a robust and replicable
underlying factor structure, including Self-Regulation/Responsibility, Social Competence, and Empathy factors. The factor
scores and total score of the SEARS-P were shown to have strong internal consistency reliability, as well as strong interrater
reliability between mother-father pairs who rated the same child. Convergent construct validity of the SEARS-P was established
through findings of significant correlations with two established strength-based rating scales for use by parents. Construct
validity of the SEARS-P was further bolstered through findings of significant gender differences in scores (with females rated
as having higher levels of competency than males), as well as significant differences in scores based on educational disability
status. Limitations and future research needs are discussed, as are implications of this study for research and practice with
children and families. 相似文献
60.
Academic dishonesty has been a frequent topic of research and discussion. In this article, we examine the differences between
student volunteers and student non-volunteers in terms of their attitudes towards academic dishonesty as well as their cheating
behaviors. We found that student volunteers held more serious attitudes towards cheating and academic dishonesty than did
student non-volunteers; however there were not many significant differences between student volunteers and student non-volunteers
when it came to cheating behaviors. We finally provide some suggestions for future research in the topic of academic dishonesty. 相似文献