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排序方式： 共有319条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
221.
Kristjen B. Lundberg B. Keith Payne Josh Pasek Jon A. Krosnick 《Political psychology》2017,38(2):313-330
Past research demonstrated that racial prejudice played a significant role in the 2008 presidential election, but relatively less is known about the relationship between prejudice and public opinion throughout the Obama administration. In the present research, we examined not only whether racial attitudes were associated with evaluations of Mr. Obama and his administration, but also whether they may have influenced the development of more general political attitudes during the early years of the Obama administration. We investigated this question using panel data from a nationally representative sample of Americans interviewed between September 2008 and July 2010. Racial attitudes measured prior to the election predicted early disapproval of President Obama's handling of important issues. Early disapproval of President Obama's performance, in turn, predicted later perceptions of whether the state of the nation was improving. Further, the divergence between high‐prejudice and low‐prejudice individuals in their perceptions of the state of the nation became greater over time, consistent with the idea that racial attitudes were more powerfully expressed in political judgments as time passed. 相似文献
222.
Risk‐sensitivity theory predicts that decision‐makers should prefer high‐risk options in high need situations when low‐risk options will not meet these needs. Recent attempts to adopt risk‐sensitivity as a framework for understanding human decision‐making have been promising. However, this research has focused on individual‐level decision‐making, has not examined behavior in naturalistic settings, and has not examined the influence of multiple levels of need on decision‐making under risk. We examined group‐level risk‐sensitive decision‐making in two American football leagues: the National Football League (NFL) and the National College Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I. Play decisions from the 2012 NFL (Study 1; N = 33 944), 2013 NFL (Study 2; N = 34 087), and 2012 NCAA (Study 3; N = 15 250) regular seasons were analyzed. Results demonstrate that teams made risk‐sensitive decisions based on two distinct needs: attaining first downs (a key proximate goal in football) and acquiring points above parity. Evidence for risk‐sensitive decisions was particularly strong when motivational needs were most salient. These findings are the first empirical demonstration of team risk‐sensitivity in a naturalistic organizational setting. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
223.
The present research focuses on the cognitive embodiment of physical proximity, through interpersonal distance’s relationship with self‐construal, gender, and social dominance orientation. Previous work showed that more independent self‐construal was associated with higher distancing preferences of participants, and that females tend to have higher interdependent self‐construal that lead them to prefer less interpersonal distance. We expected to replicate these findings. However, due to the relationship between power and interpersonal distance, it was argued that gender and perceptions regarding the social hierarchy would also play a role in predicting interpersonal distance. More specifically, it was predicted that while females who accept social hierarchies between males and females would prefer more distance when interacting with males, males would not differ in their preference for social distance. One hundred participants (67 female) completed the Comfortable Interpersonal Distance Scale, Independent and Interdependent Self‐Construal Scales and the Social Dominance Orientation Scale. Interdependent self‐construal was negatively correlated with overall preferred interpersonal distance. Moreover, females high on social dominance orientation preferred larger interpersonal distance from male adult strangers than from female adult strangers. The findings provide further support for the embodiment of self‐construal by showing that psychological closeness and heteronomy are related to physical closeness. The findings also highlight the importance of investigating communal sharing and authority ranking dimensions simultaneously when focusing on interpersonal distance as well as differentiating females’ interpersonal sensitivity due to low power with their high affiliation. 相似文献
224.
Anthony Robert Booth 《International Journal of Philosophical Studies》2018,26(2):156-172
AbstractWhat kind of mental state is trust? It seems to have features that can lead one to think that it is a doxastic state but also features that can lead one to think that it is a non-doxastic state. This has even lead some philosophers to think that trust is a unique mental state that has both mind-to-world and world-to-mind direction of fit, or to give up on the idea that there is a univocal analysis of trust to be had. Here, I propose that ‘trust’ is the name we give to mental states that we would think of as beliefs if belief was to be thought of in ‘pragmatist’ terms (that is, as a state posited primarily to explain agents’ actions) and belief resists ‘pragmatist’ treatment. Only such an account, I argue, can univocally account for all the diverse features of trust. As such, I also propose that the explanation of trust provides us with a case for understanding the limitations of a comprehensively ‘pragmatist’, or ‘Neo-Wittgensteinian’ conception of the mental. 相似文献
225.
226.
Josh Reeves 《Zygon》2020,55(3):824-836
Debates about methodology have been central to the emergence of the “field of science of religion.” Two questions that have motivated scholars in that field over the past half century: “is it theoretically justifiable to bring scientific and religious beliefs into dialogue?” and “can theology be rational in the same way as science?” This article responds to commentary on Against Methodology: Recent Debates on Rationality and Theology, a book which critically examines three major methodologists of recent years: Nancey Murphy, Alister McGrath, and J. Wentzel van Huyssteen. Themes raised in the commentary include the status of realism and truth in science, the unity of science, the adequacy of the term “critical realism,” proper ways of seeking legitimacy for an academic discipline, and new directions for the field of science and religion. 相似文献
227.
228.
The paper presents a literature review of research on counselling in general practice critiqued from the perspective of the Practice Counsellor. It is noted that existing studies all focus primarily on outcome of psychological interventions in comparison to routine GP care. The contributions and limitations of these studies are discussed, and the methodological difficulties of conducting controlled trials in this context are explored. It is proposed that future research on counselling in primary care needs to draw on the paradigm shift in psychotherapy and a range of alternative research methodologies which will be more likely to produce research of relevance to Practice Counsellors. 相似文献
229.
N. J. Mackintosh Helen Ross Christopher Longuet-Higgins D. A. Booth P. R. Mayo Philip Smith 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》1976,28(2):311-322
GRAY, J. A. Elements of a Two-Process Theory of Learning. London: Academic Press. 1975. Pp. 423. £6.60.
STOCKBRIDGE, H. C. W. Behaviour and the Physical Environment :Case Studies in Psychology and Ergonomics. London: Batsford. 1975. Pp. 191. £7.50.
CRYSTAL, D. The English Tone of Voice-Essays in Intonation, Prosody and Paralanguage. London: Edward Arnold. 1975. Pp. 198. £3.75.
MCFARLAND, D. J. (Ed.). Motivational Control Systems Analysis. London and New York: Academic Press. 1974. Pp. xii + 523. £11.00.
IVERSEN, S. D. and IVERSEN, L. L. Behavioral Pharmacology. New York and London: Oxford University Press. 1975. Pp. xiv + 310. £2.75.
LEVITT, R. A. Psychopharmacology. A Biological Approach. New York: Wiley. 1975. Pp. x + 502. £9.45.
DOWNS, R. M. and STEA, D. (Eds). Image and Environment. Chicago: Aldine. 1973. (London: Arnold). Pp. xxii + 439. £6.75.
MACCOBY, E. E. and JACKLIN, C. N. The Psychology of Sex Differences. London: Oxford University Press. 1975. Pp. 634. £7.00.
MASSARO, D. W. (Ed.). Understanding Language. New York: Academic Press. 1975. PP. 438. £7.90.
HILGARD, E. R., ATKINSON, R. C., and ATKINSON, R. L. Introduction to Psychology. Sixth Edition. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. 1975. Pp. 658. £8.10. 相似文献
STOCKBRIDGE, H. C. W. Behaviour and the Physical Environment :Case Studies in Psychology and Ergonomics. London: Batsford. 1975. Pp. 191. £7.50.
CRYSTAL, D. The English Tone of Voice-Essays in Intonation, Prosody and Paralanguage. London: Edward Arnold. 1975. Pp. 198. £3.75.
MCFARLAND, D. J. (Ed.). Motivational Control Systems Analysis. London and New York: Academic Press. 1974. Pp. xii + 523. £11.00.
IVERSEN, S. D. and IVERSEN, L. L. Behavioral Pharmacology. New York and London: Oxford University Press. 1975. Pp. xiv + 310. £2.75.
LEVITT, R. A. Psychopharmacology. A Biological Approach. New York: Wiley. 1975. Pp. x + 502. £9.45.
DOWNS, R. M. and STEA, D. (Eds). Image and Environment. Chicago: Aldine. 1973. (London: Arnold). Pp. xxii + 439. £6.75.
MACCOBY, E. E. and JACKLIN, C. N. The Psychology of Sex Differences. London: Oxford University Press. 1975. Pp. 634. £7.00.
MASSARO, D. W. (Ed.). Understanding Language. New York: Academic Press. 1975. PP. 438. £7.90.
HILGARD, E. R., ATKINSON, R. C., and ATKINSON, R. L. Introduction to Psychology. Sixth Edition. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. 1975. Pp. 658. £8.10. 相似文献
230.
D. E. Broadbent N. S. Sutherland R. J. Andrew A. D. Baddeley P. N. Johnson-Laird Tim Shallice Keith Oatley D. J. McFarland D. A. Booth R. Davis 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》1972,24(3):364-372
SANDERS, A. F. (Ed.). Attention and Performance III. Amsterdam: North Holland Publishing Company. 1970. Pp. viii + 442. (Price not known.)
CORCORAN, D. W. J. Pattern Recognition. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books Ltd. 1971. Pp. 223. £0.50.
SCHRIER, A. M. and STOLLNITZ, F. (Eds.) Behaviour of Nonhuman Primates Vol. III. New York: Academic Press Inc. 1971. £4.45.
KINTSCH, W. Learning, Memory, and Conceptual Processes. New York: Wiley and Sons. 1970. Pp. 498. £4.40.
MORTON, J. (Ed.) Biological and Social Factors in Psycholinguistics. London: Logos Press. 1971. Pp. 215. £3.50.
RITCHIE RUSSELL, W. The Traumatic Amnesius. London: Oxford University Press. Pp. 84. £2.00.
MILLER, N. E. Selected Papers. Chicago: Aldine Publishing. 1971. Pp. 874. £15.00.
SUTHERLAND, N. S. AND MACKINTOSH, N. J. Mechanisms of Animal Discrimination Learning. New York: Academic Press. 1971. Pp. 559. $18.50.
FURCHTGOTT, E. (Ed.). Pharmacological and Biophysical Agents and Behavior. New York: Academic Press. 1971. Pp. xii+402. $14.50.
EYSENCK, H. J., ARNOLD, W. AND MEILI,R. (Eds). Encyclopedia of Psychology. Volume I. London: Search Press. 1972. Pp. 396. £8.00. 相似文献
CORCORAN, D. W. J. Pattern Recognition. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books Ltd. 1971. Pp. 223. £0.50.
SCHRIER, A. M. and STOLLNITZ, F. (Eds.) Behaviour of Nonhuman Primates Vol. III. New York: Academic Press Inc. 1971. £4.45.
KINTSCH, W. Learning, Memory, and Conceptual Processes. New York: Wiley and Sons. 1970. Pp. 498. £4.40.
MORTON, J. (Ed.) Biological and Social Factors in Psycholinguistics. London: Logos Press. 1971. Pp. 215. £3.50.
RITCHIE RUSSELL, W. The Traumatic Amnesius. London: Oxford University Press. Pp. 84. £2.00.
MILLER, N. E. Selected Papers. Chicago: Aldine Publishing. 1971. Pp. 874. £15.00.
SUTHERLAND, N. S. AND MACKINTOSH, N. J. Mechanisms of Animal Discrimination Learning. New York: Academic Press. 1971. Pp. 559. $18.50.
FURCHTGOTT, E. (Ed.). Pharmacological and Biophysical Agents and Behavior. New York: Academic Press. 1971. Pp. xii+402. $14.50.
EYSENCK, H. J., ARNOLD, W. AND MEILI,R. (Eds). Encyclopedia of Psychology. Volume I. London: Search Press. 1972. Pp. 396. £8.00. 相似文献