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231.
232.
A number of investigators have suggested that affective states influence the focus of attention. One recent proposal is that negative moods increase self-focus. This review considers the evidence that bears on this hypothesis. Conceptual issues pertaining to the construct of self-focus are discussed first. Next, the various parameters that influence attentional focus are presented in order to provide a way of organizing the mood/selffocus literature. Studies that have used state measures of mood and self-focus are considered in this context. Methodological limitations of existing studies are discussed and directions for future work provided. 相似文献
233.
I P Pavlov 《Integrative Physiological and Behavioral Science》1992,27(3):270-8; discussion 267-70
On 25 September, 1923, two days before his 74th birthday, Ivan Petrovich Pavlov stood before a class of medical students assembled in the auditorium of his Alma Mater, the Military Medical Academy in Leningrad. Pavlov, the recipient of the Nobel prize in medicine in 1904 for his work in physiology, was about to address his first class of the new academic year, and, as was his custom, he had prepared his first lecture on a general theme. This was an especially significant address, however, for in it Pavlov reviewed the impressions he had gathered during his travels in Western Europe and the United States in the summer of 1923, and he criticised the prevailing ideology of Soviet communism by attacking the ideas of Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin, then the leading expositor of Bolshevik Marxism. An English translation of the lecture is printed below. 相似文献
234.
Parent-tutoring procedures: Experimental analysis and validation of generalization in oral reading across passages,settings, and time 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Steven F. Duvall Ph.D. Joseph C. Delquadri Ph.D. Marlene Elliott Ph.D. R. Vance Hall Ph.D. 《Journal of Behavioral Education》1992,2(3):281-303
A study that involved parents as reading tutors was carried out at home during the summer with four elementary children, three with learning disabilities. One purpose was to determine the effects of tutoring in the basal reader on reading rates at home. Another purpose was to determine potential generalization effects as a result of parent tutoring on different academic tasks at home and, later at school, on different and similar tasks. A combination multiple-baseline and reversal design tested for replication and generalization effects. Increases in correct rates were noted for the targeted variables across conditions. The results indicated that parents tutoring with school basal texts during the summer produced marked increases in reading rates that generalized at home to different academic tasks and at school to different and similar tasks. This suggests that parents, when using specific tutoring procedures, can increase their children's academic skills. 相似文献
235.
236.
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238.
J. A. Joseph 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1992,27(3):216-227
One of the hallmarks of the aging process is a loss of sensitivity in central neuronal receptors to agonist stimulation. This
appears to be especially true in central (hippocampal, striatal) muscarinic cholinergic systems and in the striatal dopamine
systems. For these two systems, any decline in their sensitivity can be of extreme importance in determining the behavioral
capabilities of the organism. Decrements in the striatal dopamine system may be reflected as motor behavioral deficits, while
the central cholinergic systems play a major role in the processing of memory through the activation of muscarinic receptors
(mAChR). Declines in the function of these receptors appear to be at least partially responsible for the marked deterioration
of cognitive function in normal aging and, more notably, in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Previous work has indicated only minimal
success in improving performance in tasks that assess memory in senescent animals or humans with pharmacological agents which
enhance cholinergic functioning. The present review describes research that indicates that two of the factors involved in
this decline in receptor sensitivity include: (a) decreased receptor concentrations and (b) age-related decrements in signal
transduction pathways. Studies are reviewed that indicate that the oxidative neural damage that occurs via kainic acid or
ionizing radiation parallel those seen in aging. It is suggested that the common mechanism that may exist among all of the
age-, disease-, excitatory amino acid- or radiation-induced deficits in neuronal transmission may involve free-radical-mediated
alterations in membrane integrity through lipid peroxidation. 相似文献
239.
A new method for determining the minimum number of observations per subject needed to achieve a specific generalizability coefficient is presented. This method, which consists of a branch-and-bound algorithm, allows for the employment of constraints specified by the investigator. 相似文献
240.
This paper studies a class of infinite-valued predicate logics. A sufficient condition for axiomatizability of logics from that class is given.To the memory of Jerzy Supecki 相似文献