The effects of pre-exposure on escape from a Morris pool

In two experiments rats were pre-exposed to the landmarks surrounding a Morris pool while they swam to a platform with a beacon attached to it. They were then required to escape from the pool by finding the platform, without the beacon, in a new position. When the platform remained in the same place for each pre-exposure session, but was moved from session to session, then subsequent escape from the pool was more rapid than when the landmarks were not visible during pre-exposure (Experiment 1). But when the platform was moved from trial to trial during pre-exposure, then subsequent escape from the pool was disrupted (Experiments 1 and 2). It is proposed that pre-exposure to the landmark alters the attention that is paid to them, which then influences how readily the landmarks can be used to identify the new position of the platform.     

Die Organisation des Kollektivlebens

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

The European soul

Europe, and in particular the European identity, will have to be one of the essential aspects of tomorrow's education. Language teaching must be strengthened, exchanges developed, but, above all, we must make an effort to know each other.     

Death in Jonestown: Techniques of Political Control by a Paranoid Leader

ABSTRACT: Jim Jones and Jonestown are discussed from a “political control” point of view. Seven basic techniques of political control are identified: Control of property and income, weaking of family ties, a sociopolitical caste system, control of egression (escape), control of verbal expression, cognitive control and emotional control. Jonestown is identified as a mini-totalitarian state ruled by a delusional and paranoid person.     

Intersubjectivity in infancy: A second-person approach to ontogenetic development

The aim of this paper is to present the principles of intersubjectivity as a second-person relational account of mind, set against individualist first- and third-person accounts of the sharing of mental representations. I will set out a summary of these positions and defend the claim that understanding proto-conversations as “expressive communications” allows one to understand them as genuine communications, as in, mutually manifest communications that entail intersubjectivity. To support this interpretation, I will propose a novel explanation of expression, understood as constitutive of the mental state.     

Ethical Issues with Simulating the Bridge Problem in VR

Science and Engineering Ethics - We aim to generate a dilemma for virtual reality-based research that we motivate through an extended case study of Thomson’s (Yale Law J...     

Transition Support for Immigrant Students

This article briefly highlights the problems of student immigrants and the potential value of transition support groups as a mechanism for addressing these problems.