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181.
Studies on cognitive effects of positive emotions have associated positive emotions to broadened attention. Given the widely investigated relationship between self-focused attention and mood, it is important to investigate the effect of positive mood on visuospatial attention for self-related information. We used a performance-based measure to assess fluctuations in attentional broadening from self-related contrasted to not-self-related information. In Experiment 1, we checked that the self-related versus not-self-related stimuli did not evoke differential attention effects in general. In Experiment 2, we manipulated mood and found that an increase in positive mood was associated with a relative broadening of attention for self-related information. These results suggest that the meaning of the target of attention provides an interesting dimension for further investigation into the relation between positive emotions and attentional broadening. 相似文献
182.
This article considers the imago Dei from the perspective of paleoanthropology. We identify structural, functional, and relational elements of the imago Dei that emerged mosaically during human evolution. Humans are unique in their ability to relate to each other and to God, and in their membership of cultural communities where shared attention, the transmission of moral norms, and symbolic behavior are important elements. We discuss similarities between our approach and the concept of theosis adopted in the Eastern Orthodox Church. 相似文献
183.
Religion is a major driving force in the Dutch political system and as European integration has progressed, it is often argued that these national practices affect how national representatives act in the European Parliament (EP). Our aim in this study is to determine to what extent the religious divide impacts upon the work of Dutch MEPs in the European political arena. On the basis of the RelEP survey and interviews, we argue that religious or secular views are very salient to Dutch MEPs, but that their impact is largely indirect. Moreover, we find that Dutch MEPs actively use the EP and its committee system in an attempt to redefine the relationship between church and state in the Netherlands. And finally, we argue that the European arena offers new opportunities for mobilisation among those promoting secularist interests. 相似文献
184.
Naomi Vanlessen Valentina Rossi Rudi De Raedt Gilles Pourtois 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2014,14(3):951-969
Previous research has shown that positive mood may broaden attention, although it remains unclear whether this effect has a perceptual or a postperceptual locus. In this study, we addressed this question using high-density event-related potential methods. We randomly assigned participants to a positive or a neutral mood condition. Then they performed a demanding oddball task at fixation (primary task ensuring fixation) and a localization task of peripheral stimuli shown at three positions in the upper visual field (secondary task) concurrently. While positive mood did not influence behavioral performance for the primary task, it did facilitate stimulus localization on the secondary task. At the electrophysiological level, we found that the amplitude of the C1 component (reflecting an early retinotopic encoding of the stimulus in V1) was enhanced in the positive, as compared with the neutral, mood group. Importantly, this effect appeared to be largely automatic, because it occurred regardless of the task relevance of the peripheral stimulus and prior to top-down gain control effects seen at the level of the subsequent P1 component. This early effect was also observed irrespective of a change of the target-related P300 component (primary task) by positive mood. These results suggest that positive mood can automatically boost the spatial encoding of peripheral stimuli early on following stimulus onset. This effect can eventually underlie the broadening of spatial attention, which has been associated with this specific mood state. 相似文献
185.
Jorge Guardiola Miguel A. García-Rubio Edna Guidi-Gutiérrez 《Applied research in quality of life》2014,9(2):367-385
In this paper we study the influence of residential water access on subjective well-being. The data come from original field work that includes 535 households in Sucre, Bolivia, a city with deficits in the water service. We relate two subjective well-being measures, satisfaction with life and satisfaction with the water domain, to water access variables. It could be the case that the effect of water access variables in subjective well-being could be spurious. That is, water access variables could be capturing shortfalls in other basic needs, such as a lack of income. In order to avoid spurious conclusions, we include socioeconomic variables such as income and place of residence in the regression as control variables. In addition, people might adapt to having poor access to water. The significance of the coefficients of the water variables could lead us to conclude that people do not adapt, but non significance means we cannot reject this possibility. In the econometric regressions, water variables such as water cuts, water quality and access quality, when added to the control variables, increase goodness-to-fit affecting both subjective well-being measures. Our results permit to assess the importance of key elements of access to water in the region under study by relating them to subjective well-being and reveal that water access influences subjective well-being beyond adaptation and other socioeconomic characteristics. Taking this into consideration, we propose that well-being studies in developing countries should consider water access aspects. 相似文献
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188.
勤劳、朴实、智慧的西藏人民,在高原恶劣的气候条件下,在生产劳动中,不仅创造了优美的民族文化,也创造了多彩的科学技术.今天给人们印象最深刻、影响最大的是西藏建筑的魅力和藏医药的神奇. 相似文献
189.
We summarize five studies of our large-scale research program, in which we examined aspects of contour-based object identification
and segmentation, and we report on the stimuli we used, the norms and data we collected, and the software tools we developed.
The stimuli were outlines derived from the standard set of line drawings of everyday objects by Snodgrass and Vanderwart (1980).
We used contour curvature as a major variable in all the studies. The total number of 1,500 participants produced very solid,
normative identification rates of silhouettes and contours, straight-line versions, and fragmented versions, and quite reliable
benchmark data about saliency of points and object segmentation into parts. We also developed several software tools to generate
stimuli and to analyze the data in nonstandard ways. Our stimuli, norms and data, and software tools have great potential
for further exploration of factors influencing contour-based object identification, and are also useful for researchers in
many different disciplines (including computer vision) on a wide variety of research topics (e.g., priming, agnosia, perceptual
organization, and picture naming). The full set of norms, data, and stimuli may be downloaded fromwww.psychonomic.org/archive/. 相似文献
190.
The ability of parties to not only reflect, but actually shape, citizens' preferences on policy issues has been long debated, as it corresponds to a fundamental prediction of classic party identification theory. While most research draws on data from the United States or studies of low-salience issues, we exploit the unique opportunity presented by the 2013 Italian election, with the four major parties of a clear multiparty setting holding distinct positions on crucial issues of the campaign. Based on an experimental design, we test the impact of party cues on citizens' preferences on high-salience issues. The results are surprising: Despite a party system in flux (with relevant new parties) and a weakening of traditional party identities, we find large, significant partisan-cueing effects in all the three experimental issues, and for voters of all the major Italian parties—both old and new, governmental and opposition, ideologically clear or ambiguous. 相似文献