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171.
Despite of the apparent simplicity of Pavlovian conditioning, research on its mechanisms has caused considerable debate, such as the dispute about whether the associated stimuli are coded in an "elementistic"(a compound stimuli is equivalent to the sum of its components) or a "configural" (a compound stimuli is a unique exemplar) fashion. This controversy is evident in the abundant research on the contrasting predictions of elementistic and the configural models. Recently, some mixed solutions have been proposed, which, although they have the advantages of both approaches, are difficult to evaluate due to their complexity. This paper presents a computer program to conduct simulations of a mixed model ( replaced elements model or REM). Instructions and examples are provided to use the simulator for research and educational purposes. 相似文献
172.
The lexical frequency effect in picture naming is generally assumed to constitute a signature of lexical access. Lexical frequency,
however, is correlated with other variables, like concept familiarity, that can produce effects similar to those of lexical
frequency in picture naming tasks. In this study, a delayed picture naming task was employed to address the hypothesis that
the frequency effect in picture naming is due to variables that affect processing in the perceptual and semantic identification
stages (i.e., input stages). Despite the fact that all the input processing stages were completed prior to the presentation
of the naming cue, a strong frequency effect was still obtained in this task. These results establish that the lexical frequency
effect is independent of variables affecting the input stages of picture naming, and, hence, confirm the lexical frequency
effect as a signature effect of lexical access. 相似文献
173.
On the role of hippocampal protein synthesis in the consolidation and reconsolidation of object recognition memory 下载免费PDF全文
Rossato JI Bevilaqua LR Myskiw JC Medina JH Izquierdo I Cammarota M 《Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)》2007,14(1):36-46
Upon retrieval, consolidated memories are again rendered vulnerable to the action of metabolic blockers, notably protein synthesis inhibitors. This has led to the hypothesis that memories are reconsolidated at the time of retrieval, and that this depends on protein synthesis. Ample evidence indicates that the hippocampus plays a key role both in the consolidation and reconsolidation of different memories. Despite this fact, at present there are no studies about the consequences of hippocampal protein synthesis inhibition in the storage and post-retrieval persistence of object recognition memory. Here we report that infusion of the protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin in the dorsal CA1 region immediately or 180 min but not 360 min after training impairs consolidation of long-term object recognition memory without affecting short-term memory, exploratory behavior, anxiety state, or hippocampal functionality. When given into CA1 after memory reactivation in the presence of familiar objects, ANI did not affect further retention. However, when administered into CA1 immediately after exposing animals to a novel and a familiar object, ANI impaired memory of both of them. The amnesic effect of ANI was long-lasting, did not happen after exposure to two novel objects, following exploration of the context alone, or in the absence of specific stimuli, suggesting that it was not reversible but was contingent on the reactivation of the consolidated trace in the presence of a salient, behaviorally relevant novel cue. Our results indicate that hippocampal protein synthesis is required during a limited post-training time window for consolidation of object recognition memory and show that the hippocampus is engaged during reconsolidation of this type of memory, maybe accruing new information into the original trace. 相似文献
174.
Bergado JA Frey S López J Almaguer-Melian W Frey JU 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2007,88(3):331-341
Transient long-term potentiation (E-LTP) can be transformed into a long-lasting LTP (L-LTP) in the dentate gyrus (DG) by behavioral stimuli with high motivational content. Previous research from our group has identified several brain structures, such as the basolateral amygdala (BLA), the locus coeruleus (LC), the medial septum (MS) and transmitters as noradrenaline (NA) and acetylcholine (ACh) that are involved in these processes. Here we have investigated the functional interplay among brain structures and systems which result in the conversion of a E-LTP into a L-LTP (reinforcement) by stimulation of the BLA (BLA-R). We used topical application of specific drugs into DG, and other targets, while following the time course of LTP induced by stimulation of the perforant pathway (PP) to study their specific contribution to BLA-R. One injection cannula, a recording electrode in the DG and stimulating electrodes in the PP and the BLA were stereotactically implanted one week before electrophysiological experiments. Topical application of atropine or propranolol into the DG blocked BLA-R in both cases, but the effect of propranolol occurred earlier, suggesting a role of NA within the DG during an intermediate stage of LTP maintenance. The injection of lidocaine into the LC abolished BLA-R indicating that the LC is part of the functional neural reinforcing system. The effect on the LC is mediated by cholinergic afferents because application of atropine into the LC produced the same effect. Injection of lidocaine inactivating the MS also abolished BLA-R. This effect was mediated by noradrenergic afferents (probably from the LC) because the application of propranolol into the MS prevented BLA-R. These findings suggest a functional loop for BLA-R involving cholinergic afferents to the LC, a noradrenergic projection from the LC to the DG and the MS, and finally, the cholinergic projection from the MS to the DG. 相似文献
175.
Jorge Ginieniewicz 《Journal of International Migration and Integration》2007,8(3):327-345
This article explores the differences in the factors that promote and inhibit political participation, both in the home countries and in Canada, of a group of Latin American immigrants. The reported findings emerge from interviews with 100 Latin American immigrants living in Toronto. Results suggest that while in their countries of origin the repression installed by military regimes was the main inhibitor of political participation in Canada, length of residence, negative previous political experiences, language skills, and discrimination hinder the political engagement of this group of immigrants. 相似文献
176.
Miki Takasuna’s paper on “Proliferation of Western Methodological Thought in Psychology in Japan: Ways of Objectification”
offers many significant clues for reconsidering the history and unity of psychology. Its treatment of the reception of psychology
in Japan hints at the relevance of the models of the subject for psychology—including the allegedly “official” psychology.
The aim of this paper is to suggest such reconsideration, on the basis of a distinction between psychology-importing and psychology-exporting
countries, and provide a reflection on the cultural problems of assimilation by the latter of a discipline advanced by the
former. This perspective leads us to acknowledge the existence of a variety of psychological programs corresponding to the
transformation and modernization of different social realities. Also, an indication is offered of several possible levels
of analysis of such programs, which are seen to be related with the emergence of psychology as the science of modernity.
相似文献
Enrique Lafuente (Corresponding author)Email: |
177.
178.
Jorge G. Garcia Jeff DiNardo Maria Inmaculada Lopez Nuñez Diona Emmanuel Christian D. Chan 《Journal of multicultural counseling and development》2020,48(4):271-287
This article is an attempt to integrate existing conceptual knowledge on acculturation as well as to expand the use of the construct, which has traditionally had race and ethnicity as its focus, to also include cultural identities such as sexual orientation, gender identity, nationality, and disability. The article begins with a review of existing theoretical contributions from both the United States and Europe. We then propose a model to update and expand the use of acculturation. Finally, we provide an assessment framework. Este artículo es un intento de integrar los conocimientos conceptuales existentes sobre la aculturación además de expandir el uso de este constructo, que tradicionalmente se ha enfocado hacia la raza y la etnicidad, para incluir también identidades culturales tales como la orientación sexual, la identidad de sexo, la nacionalidad y la discapacidad. El artículo comienza con una revisión de las contribuciones teóricas existentes tanto de Estados Unidos como de Europa. A continuación, proponemos un modelo para actualizar y expandir el uso de la aculturación. Por último, proporcionamos un marco de evaluación. 相似文献
179.
180.
Jorge L. Ahumada 《The International journal of psycho-analysis》2001,82(2):219-234
The author explores how psychoanalysis mutates in its passing from the privacies of the session to the public spaces of academia, shifting away from enquiry into unfolding unconscious psychic processes guided by its method, and from the clinically based notions Freud and his diverse followers constructed, here called the ‘Freudian unconscious’. In postmodern intellectual contexts Freud's work fuels a ‘Nietzschean unconscious’, issuing from public lecterns in the protagonistic, self‐creating feats of a ‘psychoanalytic discourse’. The ideology of such mutation ishere traced from Nietzsche on to Heidegger and Kojave, and then to Lacan and Laplanche. It reflects the might of the ‘death of evidences’ and the Romantic penchant for the limit‐experience and the primacy accorded to the creative imagination. Discourse as revelation rests on a ‘paradox of the enunciation’ whereby the subject (author) of the statement is taken to be identical to the subject (matter) of the statement. Banishing the boundaries of illusion and evidence, and of self‐overcoming and insight, academic ‘psychoanalytic discourse’creates a ‘return of the idols’ in ‘theoretical’ narcissistic identification. 相似文献