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841.
Corsi's Block-tapping Test has been a clinically useful test of visuospatial memory. Participants (15 men, 15 women) completed an automated and a manual version of the Block-tapping Test, the findings for which suggest that the automated and manual versions gave very similar scores. 相似文献
842.
843.
Heidemarie E. Schroeder Uwe Schroeder Guy Santibáñez-H. 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1986,21(1):16-24
This study analyzes so-called hopeless gaggers,i.e., patients in whom dental treatment and wearing of a prosthesis produced a retching or vomiting reaction, in order to investigate the sources and properties of this pathologic reaction. In 35 patients, an anamnestic inquiry, a determination of the reflexogenic zone, a recording of the peripheral pattern of the pathologic reflex, and extinction training were performed. A group of six normal persons served as a comparison group. It was shown that patients, in comparison with normals, had an enlarged receptive field, were sensitive to a broader population of stimuli, and showed precursors and aftereffects of the retching-vomiting not found in normals. This pathologic reaction was the symptom of different Psychopathologie processes, such as specific fear, repugnance-fear-based disturbances, diffuse anxiety, goal-directed behavior, depressive states and, at least in one case, visceral pathology. The various patients differed with respect to properties of the reaction as well as in the sensitivity to the extinction procedure. It is discussed that different integrative nervous processes play a role in the origin and development of the syndrome: activation of unconditional reflexes, activation of classic and instrumental conditional reflexes, activation of such reflexes by an increase of the reactivity level of specific and unspecific structures of the brain, generalization of stimuli,etc. 相似文献
844.
Guy Santibáñez-H. Heidemarie Schroeder 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1988,23(1):15-21
This study is to compare heart reactivity between normals and anxiety neurotic patients. Five male and five female patients
with anxiety neurosis and four male and five female normal persons were submitted to classic delayed conditional reflexes
with different probabilities of reinforcement (shock), to a defensive instrumental conditional reflex, and to a neutral nonreinforced
stimulus. The basal heart frequency was higher in neurotics and in women than in normals and men. The conditional stimulus
(CS) associated with a shock generally produced a bradycardia in normal individuals and in neurotic men, but a tachycardia
in neurotic women (effects most pronounced in cases with 100% shock probability). The instrumental CS caused a tachycardia
in all of the groups, with highest values in neurotic women. The neutral stimulus produced bradycardia in all persons. The
aftereffect of the light stimulus depended on whether a shock was administered and on the CS. The differences between neurotics
and normals are explained as caused by the heightened excitatory level of the CNS of the neurotic group, produced by the unspecific
activating effect of chronic anxiety, and differences of plastic processes in both groups, resulting in different effects
of phasic anxiety on the heart. Complex inhibitory-excitatory interactions of the sympathetic and the vagal system underlying
the heart rate changes may be assumed. Possible mechanisms leading to sex differences are discussed. 相似文献
845.
846.
A comparison of the codeswitching patterns of aphasic and neurologically normal bilingual speakers of English and Spanish 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Conversational discourse samples were obtained from four aphasic and four neurologically normal Hispanic bilinguals in monolingual English, monolingual Spanish, and bilingual contexts to identify codeswitching patterns. Analysis of the samples based on the Matrix Language Frame (MLF) Model (Myers-Scotton, 1993a) revealed consistent matching of the language context by the aphasic and normal subjects. The aphasic subjects demonstrated a greater frequency of MLF constituents and codeswitching patterns not evident in the speech samples of the normal subjects. Results suggest an increased dependence on both languages for communication following neurological impairment. 相似文献
847.
Manuel Alonso-Dos-Santos Orlando Llanos-Contreras María José Ibáñez-Caamaño Pablo Farias-Nazel 《Journal of Consumer Behaviour》2023,22(4):971-984
Understanding how family firms can use their family image to their advantage in communication strategies is an opportunity for business continuity. This study identifies the effects of family hotels' corporate brand strategy through radio advertising on customer perceptions and attitudes using family image communication literature and radio advertising research. Online experiment using radio ads from these hotels and a survey of 1002 participants from Chile and Spain were conducted. The results suggest that strategies improving the firm's ability to communicate the family image results in better consumer response in terms of expectation, perceived quality, visit intention, and willingness to pay more. We conclude that radio ads are an effective channel for communicating family firm images. Managers can take advantage of monetizing the benefits of family firm images through radio ads. 相似文献
848.
Evan Weingarten Kristen Duke Wendy Liu Rebecca W. Hamilton On Amir Gil Appel Moran Cerf Joseph K. Goodman Andrea C. Morales Ed O’Brien Jordi Quoidbach Monic Sun 《Journal of Consumer Psychology》2023,33(1):97-106
Extant literature suggests that consumers derive more happiness from experiences (e.g., vacations) than from material possessions (e.g., furniture). However, this literature typically pits material against experiential consumption, treating them as a single bipolar construct of their relative dominance: more material or more experiential. This focus on relative dominance leaves unanswered questions regarding how different levels of material and experiential qualities each contribute to happiness. Four preregistered studies (N = 3,288), using hundreds of product categories, measured levels of material and experiential qualities using two unipolar items. These studies investigate recalled, evoked, and anticipated happiness. Results show a more nuanced view of the experiential advantage that is critical for future research and consumer theory: material and experiential qualities both have positive relationships with happiness. Further, there is no inherent trade-off between experiential and material qualities: consumers can enjoy consumption that is high on both (e.g., swimming pools and home improvements). 相似文献
849.
Subjects screened a set of jobs, retaining those for which they wished to apply and rejecting those that were no longer under consideration. In Experiment 1, subjects who indicated the jobs for which they would apply/not apply screened out fewer jobs than those with instructions to reject/not reject or those with instructions simply to screen (control). There were no differences between the reject and control conditions. Experiment 2 used a design similar to that of Experiment 1, but subjects were made accountable for their screening judgments. The reject-apply discrepancy remained, but the accountability manipulation made the subjects more stringent in their screening compared to those who were not accountable for their judgments. In Experiment 3, subjects were told to consider either the regret resulting from retaining a bad option (regret bad) or the regret from rejecting a good option (regret good). Subjects in the regret bad condition rejected more jobs than did subjects in the regret good condition, but not more than subjects in the control condition. As predicted by image theory, the normal screening process appears to be to screen out the bad options rather than screen in the good options. This is demonstrated by screening in the control condition being similar to screening under the reject instructions (Experiment 1) and under regret bad instructions (Experiment 3), since these conditions were shown to focus attention on the bad options. Copyright 1999 Academic Press. 相似文献
850.
Types and sources of received support among 902 Costa Rican employees were examined; gender and age differences as well as associations with mental health were considered. Four types of support (advice giving, assistance, reassurance, and empathic listening) were measured as received from four sources, namely friends, family, spouses, and groups/organizations. Support types were not very distinct, therefore we aggregated sum scores across these variables. In contrast, sources were discriminant and had to be analyzed separately. An interaction between gender and age pointed to a larger discrepancy of received spousal support in middle-aged men and women than in younger ones. The older the women were, the less support they received from their spouses. In addition to this interaction, further gender differences emerged at the correlation level, where the association between spousal support and depression was significant for men only. 相似文献