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171.
Grande TL Hallman J Rutledge B Caldwell K Upton B Underwood LA Warren KM Rehfuss M 《Behavioral sciences & the law》2012,30(3):365-369
Varying risk factors for both incarceration and mental health diagnoses have been identified for female juveniles, highlighting the need for gender-specific assessments and treatment protocols. The purpose of this study is to determine how the prevalence rates of mental health symptoms differ in male and female juvenile offenders. It was hypothesized that the prevalence rates would be greater for females than males. This study found significant differences between males and females on several clinical scales. These findings are consistent with past studies that have identified differences in mental health symptoms between genders. 相似文献
172.
Avital E. Falk Steve S. Lee 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2012,34(2):172-181
There is evidence that negative parenting positively predicts oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD)
and that children’s callous-unemotional (CU) traits may moderate this association. However, it is largely unknown if CU traits
show similar interactive effects with positive parenting for ODD/CD. 208 ethnically diverse (56% Caucasian) 6–9 year-old children
with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were ascertained using multiple methods and informants for
ODD, CD, and CU traits. CU traits, corporal punishment, positive parenting, and each of their interactions with CU traits
were unrelated to parent- and teacher-rated ODD. Corporal punishment and CU traits were similarly unrelated to parent- and
teacher-rated CD. However, positive parenting inversely predicted parent-reported CD symptoms and it was significantly moderated
by CU traits. Positive parenting was negatively associated with CD at low to moderate levels of CU traits, but it was unrelated
to CD at high levels of CU traits. Children with elevated levels of CU traits exhibited significantly higher levels of CD
symptoms that were largely independent of positive parenting behavior. We discuss these findings within a developmental psychopathology
framework to provide further perspectives on reciprocal influences between parenting behavior and CU traits in the development
of ODD and CD. 相似文献
173.
Attention and social functioning and their interrelationships have not been routinely examined in children with early brain insult (EBI). This study aimed to describe attention and social functioning in children with two types of EBI: malformations of cortical development (MCD) and stroke. Children diagnosed with MCD (n = 14, 6 males) or stroke (n = 14, 8 males) aged 8 to 14 years (M = 12 years 11 months) completed neuropsychological assessments to examine attention processes. Primary caregivers completed a questionnaire to assess executive components of children's attention and teachers completed a questionnaire to measure children's social functioning. Brain scans (MRI or CT) were coded by a pediatric neuroradiologist. Higher rates of impairments in attention and social function were found in children with EBI compared with normative expectations. Children with MCD experienced more global and clinically significant levels of impairment than children with stroke; though impairments were present in both groups. A strong association between executive components of attention and social function was observed. In addition, complex attention processes were associated with social function. The findings emphasize the reciprocity between attention, behavior and social outcomes, and the vulnerability of social function following EBI. 相似文献
174.
Jung YH Kang DH Byun MS Shim G Kwon SJ Jang GE Lee US An SC Jang JH Kwon JS 《Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2012,15(1):97-104
Meditation may show differential effects on stress and plasma catecholamines based on genetic polymorphisms in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and catechol O-methyl transferase (COMT). Eighty adults (40 men, 40 women; mean age 26 years) who practiced meditation regularly and 57 healthy control adults (35 men, 22 women; mean age 26 years) participated. Plasma catecholamines (norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), and dopamine (DA)) concentrations were measured, and a modified form of the Stress Response Inventory was administered. The results were analyzed using two-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with control and meditation subjects, gene polymorphism as factors, and meditation duration as the covariate. Two-way ANCOVA showed a significant interaction between control and meditation subjects, and BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on DA/NE+DA/E (p = 0.042) and NE/E+NE/DA (p = 0.046) ratios. A significant interaction was found for control and meditation subjects with COMT Val158Met polymorphism and plasma NE concentrations (p = 0.009). Post hoc ANCOVA in the meditation group, adjusted for meditation duration, showed significantly higher plasma NE concentrations for COMT Met carriers than COMT Val/Val subjects (p = 0.025). Significant differences of stress levels were found between the control and meditation subjects in BDNF Val/Met (p < 0.001) and BDNF Met/Met (p = 0.003), whereas stress levels in the BDNF Val/Val genotype did not differ between the control and meditation groups. This is the first evidence that meditation produces different effects on plasma catecholamines according to BDNF or COMT polymorphisms. 相似文献
175.
Difficulties with social interactions and restrictive and repetitive interest patterns or behaviors are common among individuals
with Asperger syndrome. These difficulties often pose barriers to establishing and maintaining social relationships. In the
current study, 2 different interventions were compared that focused on improving the social interactions of a 14-year-old
adolescent with Asperger syndrome. A reversal design was used to compare the effectiveness of video feedback and in vivo self-monitoring
on inappropriate and appropriate social interactions during activities with a teacher. The procedures were replicated during
activities with peers, and generalization was assessed during activities with the adolescent’s mother. Although video feedback
resulted in slight reductions in inappropriate behavior, larger reductions occurred during in vivo self-monitoring. Treatment
acceptability data indicated high participant satisfaction with both interventions; however, the in vivo self-monitoring was
rated as slightly preferred. 相似文献
176.
Meejung Chin Jaerim Lee Soyoung Lee Seohee Son Miai Sung 《Journal of child and family studies》2012,21(1):53-64
We provide a comprehensive review of family policy in South Korea (Korea hereafter) for international readers. Alarmed by
recent social and demographic changes, the Korean government has started to establish explicit family policies from the mid
2000s. These policies have signified a symbolic attention shift to family matters in the history of social policy in Korea.
In this paper, we focus on three areas of family policy: (a) work-family policies, (b) a healthy family policy, and (c) a
policy for multi-cultural families. Work-family policies aim to help working families with young children balance work responsibilities
and family caregiving through multiple leave options and child care support. The Framework Act on Healthy Families, the first
explicit family policy in Korea, requires local governments to provide family services through Healthy Family Support Centers.
The Multi-Cultural Family Support Act also established a formal support system for multi-cultural families with immigrant
spouses, a population group that has recently increased in Korea. We further discuss the domestic and comparative contexts
of Korean family policy and provide suggestions for the remaining challenges. 相似文献
177.
Michael L. Bloomquist Gerald J. August Susanne S. Lee Timothy F. Piehler Marcia Jensen 《Journal of child and family studies》2012,21(3):368-383
A variety of predictors of parent participation in prevention programming have been identified in past research, but few studies
have investigated how those predictors may vary by implementation context. Patterns of parent participation were examined
in the Early Risers Conduct Problems Prevention Program using two family-focused service delivery models: a community center
model (Center) and an in-home outreach-based model (Outreach). An ethnically diverse sample of Kindergarten through second
grade students (n = 246) displaying elevated levels of aggression were recruited for the study and randomly assigned to either
the Center (n = 121) or Outreach (n = 125) models. In both delivery models, participants and their families completed an assortment
of baseline measures and received family skills and child skills intervention components and family- and school-based case
management. Parents in the Center model demonstrated greater overall participation in family-focused components of the intervention.
Parent motivation with parent-focused expectancies for the intervention represented the strongest predictor of parent participation
across both delivery models. Family income differentially predicted parent participation across the two models, with low income
predicting greater participation in the Center model and lower participation in the Outreach model. A qualitative finding
emerged showing that parents receiving parent skills in the Center model via groups preferred to learn skills related to facilitating
overall family relationships, whereas parents receiving parent skills via individual Outreach meetings preferred to improve
a child’s behavior and emotion skills. Implications are discussed for the design of prevention programming in order to maximize
parent participation in high risk populations. 相似文献
178.
Lee SM Thorn A Bloomdahl SC Ha JH Nam SK Lee J 《The Spanish journal of psychology》2012,15(2):582-591
The purpose of the present study was to explore the relationships between three predictor variables (attitude toward school, parent-child communication, and school commitment action) and the criterion variable (parent involvement) in a representative sample and to examine if these relationships were consistent across three groups (English speaking Caucasian family, English speaking Latino family, and Spanish speaking Latino families). Using a national database (N = 9.841), multi-group SEM analyses were conducted to investigate the relationship between three predictor variables and the criterion variable in three family groups. While all three predictor variables significantly predicted parent involvement in English speaking Caucasian and Latino families, only two variables (parent-child communication and school commitment actions), significantly predicted parent involvement in Spanish speaking Latino families. The results of this study suggest that when administrators, teachers and counselors in school strive to share specific school-related information with Latino families, Spanish speaking families are more likely to become involved with schools. 相似文献
179.
While disoriented humans and animals use both landmarks and environmental geometry to guide their navigation, it is not clear what kinds of cognitive mechanisms underlie these behaviors. Because traditional tests of trained navigation behavior in environments containing both landmarks and geometric information may cloud our insight into the nature of these processes, the present study tested the spontaneous use of landmarks and environmental shape by two species of fish-Redtail Splitfins (Xenotoca eiseni) and Zebrafish (Danio rerio). The results suggest that while geometry is spontaneously used by both species and both sexes to compute relative position or direction, the spontaneous use of landmarks is limited to direct beaconing and complicated by attraction to features and variability across species and sex. These findings support the view that while multiple cues may ultimately guide behavior, the computation of orientation and relative positions is specified by geometric input and is independent from other navigation processes such as beaconing. 相似文献
180.