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141.
Erin L. Bailey Rick van der Zwan Thomas W. Phelan Anna Brooks 《Child & family behavior therapy》2015,37(4):303-320
This study builds upon a pilot evaluation of the 1-2-3 Magic Program (Bailey, van der Zwan, Phelan, &; Brooks, 2012), by investigating its long-term efficacy as a brief parenting intervention for families with a school-aged child. Twelve Australian families participated in a randomized controlled trial, assigned either to a wait-listed control group or to one that received immediate training. Consistent with the pilot evaluation, only families who had received training reported significant improvement in child and parenting behavior at an 8-week follow-up assessment. These improvements were maintained for 12-month posttraining, supporting the long-term efficacy of the 1-2-3 Magic Program for Australian families. 相似文献
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144.
Pia C. Sander Robert R. A. van Doorn Jelke van der Pal Fred R. H. Zijlstra 《European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology》2015,24(5):796-811
The present study investigates the potential benefits of a team’s shared knowledge and standardized communication in adapting to an unforeseen change by combining literature on adaptation and team performance. Each of 20 teams performed a dynamic team task and was suddenly confronted with a simulated partial system breakdown. Results show that a methodological framework designed to describe performance adaptation to an unforeseen change in individuals can also be used to model performance adaptation in teams. The system failure was followed by a performance drop and a subsequent period of gradual performance recovery. Accuracy of teams’ shared knowledge correlated positively with performance before and after the change, confirming and extending the literature on shared mental models. However, the amount of knowledge similarity did not aid teams in adapting to the unforeseen system breakdown. In addition, improving teams’ standardized communication had no damping effect on the sudden performance drop and neither helped them during the subsequent recovery period. These results show that even though shared knowledge and efficient communication are of high value to team performance and success, these characteristics are limited in aiding adaptive team performance after unforeseen unique changes that force team members to update their strategies. 相似文献
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146.
Jan Bas J. van der Leij M.A. Janet L. Jackson Ph.D. Marijke Malsch Ph.D. Johannes F. Nijboer J.D. 《Behavioral sciences & the law》2001,19(5-6):691-702
In Dutch criminal cases in which doubts arise about the defendant's mental health, a forensic assessment will be requested. This is provided either by the multidisciplinary staff of residential clinics who conduct forensic evaluations for the court, or by mental health professionals contracted on a part-time basis by district courts. This article discusses the procedures applied in such cases as well as the relevant legal provisions. It focuses particularly on the clinical observation, evaluation, and reporting that is carried out over a number of weeks in the residential setting of the Pieter Baan Centrum. Specific attention is paid to procedures applied in this clinic. It is suggested that Dutch procedures for the use of mental health expertise can best be characterized by three aspects: multidisciplinary observation and reporting, the use of a sliding scale for indicating degree of responsibility, and, finally, the involvement and payment of experts by the state as such, rather than by the prosecution and/or the defense. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
147.
Stams GJ Brugman D Deković M van Rosmalen L van der Laan P Gibbs JC 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2006,34(5):692-708
A meta-analysis of 50 studies was conducted to investigate whether juvenile delinquents use lower levels of moral judgment than their nondelinquent age-mates and, if so, what factors may influence or moderate the developmental delay. The results show a lower stage of moral judgment for juvenile delinquents (d=.76). Effect sizes were large for comparisons involving male offenders, late adolescents, delinquents with low intelligence, and incarcerated delinquents. The largest effect sizes were found for period of incarceration and comparisons involving juvenile delinquents with psychopathic disorder. Production instead of recognition measures, dilemma-free assessment methods, and non-blind scoring procedures yielded relatively large effect sizes, whereas effect sizes were medium for comparisons involving delinquents with average intelligence, non-incarcerated delinquents, female offenders, as well as early and middle adolescents. Psychopathic disorder and institutionalization were identified as unique moderators of the link between moral judgment and juvenile delinquency. It is concluded that developmentally delayed moral judgment is strongly associated with juvenile delinquency, even after controlling for socioeconomic status, gender, age and intelligence.This article stems from a paper presented at the meeting of the Association for Moral Education, July 2006, Fribourg, Switzerland. 相似文献
148.
Maike J. P. W. Wehrens Hans Kuyper Pieternel Dijkstra Abraham P. Buunk Margaretha P. C. van der Werf 《European journal of social psychology》2010,40(7):1158-1171
The present study was part of a large‐scale cohort study among several thousand students in the Netherlands. The purpose of the study was to investigate the long‐term effects of comparison choice, i.e., comparison with a target performing better or worse than oneself, and academic comparative evaluation, i.e., the extent to which one thinks one's performance is better or worse than that of others, on scores on standardized tests for reading comprehension and mathematics. While controlling for earlier performance, the results showed that both comparison choice and academic comparative evaluation positively predicted test scores over a period of 2 years. Moreover, it was found that the positive effect of comparison choice only applied to students with a favorable comparative evaluation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
149.
André M. van der Laan René Veenstra Stefan Bogaerts Frank C. Verhulst Johan Ormel 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(3):339-351
This study uses a social-ecological approach to the development of delinquency. The authors emphasize that a balance between
eliminating risk and enhancing protection across domains is essential in reducing problems and promoting competence. The cumulative
risk and promotive effects of temperament, family and school factors in preadolescence were examined on different groups of
delinquents (based on self-report) in early adolescence. Data from the first two waves of the TRAILS study (N = 2,230) were used. The results provide evidence for a compensatory model that assumes main effects of risk and promotive
factors on problem behavior. Accumulation of risks in preadolescence promoted being a serious delinquent in early adolescence,
with the strongest effects for temperament. Accumulation of promotive effects decreased being a delinquent and supported being
a non-delinquent. Furthermore, evidence is found for a counter-balancing effect of cumulative promotive and risk factors.
Exposure to more promotive domains in the relative absence of risk domains decreased the percentage of serious delinquents.
Our results did not support a protective model. Implications for prevention and intervention are discussed. 相似文献
150.
Tako A. Horsley Bram Orobio de Castro Menno Van der Schoot 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(5):587-599
Acording to social information processing theories, aggressive children are hypersensitive to cues of hostility and threat
in other people’s behavior. However, even though there is ample evidence that aggressive children over-interpret others’ behaviors
as hostile, it is unclear whether this hostile attribution tendency does actually result from overattending to hostile and
threatening cues. Since encoding is posited to consist of rapid automatic processes, it is hard to assess with the selfreport
measures that have been used so far. Therefore, we used a novel approach to investigate visual encoding of social information.
The eye movements of thirty 10–13 year old children with lower levels and thirty children with higher levels of aggressive
behavior were monitored in real time with an eyetracker, as the children viewed ten different cartoon series of ambiguous
provocation situations. In addition, participants answered questions concerning encoding and interpretation. Aggressive children
did not attend more to hostile cues, nor attend less to non-hostile cues than non-aggressive children. Contrary, aggressive
children looked longer at non-hostile cues, but nonetheless attributed more hostile intent than their non-aggressive peers.
These findings contradict the traditional bottom-up processing hypotheses that aggressive behavior would be related with failure
to attend to non-hostile cues. The findings seem best explained by topdown information processing, where aggressive children’s
pre-existing hostile intent schemata (1) direct attention towards schema inconsistent non-hostile cues, (2) prevent further
processing and recall of such schema-inconsistent information, and (3) lead to hostile intent attribution and aggressive responding,
disregarding the schema-inconsistent non-hostile information. 相似文献