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241.
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Sportel BE Nauta MH de Hullu E de Jong PJ Hartman CA 《Journal of child and family studies》2011,20(2):149-156
Behavioral inhibition (BI) has been associated with the development of internalizing disorders in children and adolescents.
It has further been shown that attentional control (AC) is negatively associated with internalizing problems. The combination
of high BI and low AC may particularly lead to elevated symptomatology of internalizing behavior. This study broadens existing
knowledge by investigating the additive and interacting effects of BI and AC on the various DSM-IV based internalizing dimensions.
A sample of non-clinical adolescents (N = 1806, age M = 13.6 years), completed the Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral
Activation System Scales (BIS/BAS), the attentional control subscale of the Adult Temperament Questionnaire (ATQ) and the
Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS). As expected, BI was positively, and AC was negatively related to internalizing
dimensions, with stronger associations of BI than of AC with anxiety symptoms, and a stronger association of AC than of BI
with depressive symptoms. AC moderated the association between BI and all measured internalizing dimensions (i.e., symptoms
of generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, separation anxiety disorder, panic disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder,
and major depressive disorder). Since high AC may reduce the impact of high BI on the generation of internalizing symptoms,
an intervention focused on changing AC may have potential for prevention and treatment of internalizing disorders. 相似文献
244.
Threat-related automatic associations are assumed to play an important role in the development and maintenance of social anxiety. We tested whether threat-related automatic associations are already evident in high socially anxious adolescents, by comparing a group of adolescents (age 12–15) with subclinical levels of social anxiety (n = 170) to a group of low socially anxious adolescents (n = 193). We used a single-target implicit association test to measure threat-related automatic associations to social cues. Results showed that indeed in high socially anxious adolescents social cues automatically elicited relatively strong threat-related associations. Supporting the relevance of differentiating between automatic and more explicit measures, both automatic and explicit associations were independently associated with adolescents’ level of self-reported social anxiety. The present pattern of findings is not only consistent with the view that automatic and more deliberate threat-related associations are both involved in the etiology of social-anxiety symptoms, but also suggest that both types of associations are proper targets for early intervention programs. 相似文献
245.
Anne-Laura van Harmelen Peter J. de Jong Brenda W.J.H. Penninx Bernet M. Elzinga 《Behaviour research and therapy》2010,48(6):486-494
Individuals reporting Childhood Abuse (CA) (i.e., emotional neglect, emotional-, physical- and sexual-abuse) are marked by increased explicit (i.e. self-reported) negative self-associations, and an increased risk to develop depression or anxiety disorders. Automatic self-associations might play an important role in the development and maintenance of affective disorders after exposure to CA, since automatic associations are assumed to be involved in uncontrolled (spontaneous) affective behavior. This study examined whether individuals reporting a history of CA show stronger automatic (and explicit) self-depression and/or self-anxiety associations than individuals who report no CA in a large cohort study (Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA), n = 2981). The Implicit Association Test (IAT) was utilized to assess automatic self-depression and self-anxiety associations. We found that CA was associated with enhanced automatic (and explicit) self-depression and self-anxiety associations. Additionally, when compared to physical- and sexual-abuse, Childhood Emotional Maltreatment (CEM; emotional abuse and emotional neglect) had the strongest link with enhanced automatic (and explicit) self-depression and self-anxiety associations. In addition, automatic and explicit negative self-associations partially mediated the association between CEM and depressive or anxious symptomatology. Implications regarding the importance of CA, and CEM in particular will be discussed. 相似文献
246.
A fundamental issue for theories of human induction is to specify constraints on potential inferences. For inferences based on shared category membership, an analogy, and/or a relational schema, it appears that the basic goal of induction is to make accurate and goal-relevant inferences that are sensitive to uncertainty. People can use source information at various levels of abstraction (including both specific instances and more general categories), coupled with prior causal knowledge, to build a causal model for a target situation, which in turn constrains inferences about the target. We propose a computational theory in the framework of Bayesian inference and test its predictions (parameter-free for the cases we consider) in a series of experiments in which people were asked to assess the probabilities of various causal predictions and attributions about a target on the basis of source knowledge about generative and preventive causes. The theory proved successful in accounting for systematic patterns of judgments about interrelated types of causal inferences, including evidence that analogical inferences are partially dissociable from overall mapping quality. 相似文献
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248.
Klaske A. Glashouwer Peter J. de Jong Brenda W. J. H. Penninx Ad J. F. M. Kerkhof Richard van Dyck Johan Ormel 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2010,32(3):428-437
Dysfunctional self-schemas are assumed to play an important role in suicidal ideation. According to recent information-processing
models, it is important to differentiate between ‘explicit’ beliefs and automatic associations. Explicit beliefs stem from
the weighting of propositions and their corresponding ‘truth’ values, while automatic associations reflect more simple associations
in memory. Both types of associations are assumed to have different functional properties and both may be involved in suicidal
ideation. Thus far, studies into self-schemas and suicidal ideation focused on the more explicit, consciously accessible traces
of self-schemas and predominantly relied on self-report questionnaires or interviews. To complement these ‘explicit’ findings
and more directly tap into self-schemas, this study investigated automatic self-associations in a large scale community sample
that was part of the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA). The results showed that automatic self-associations
of depression and anxiety were indeed significantly related to suicidal ideation and past suicide attempt. Moreover, the interactions
between automatic self-depressive (anxious) associations and explicit self-depressive (anxious) beliefs explained additional
variance over and above explicit self-beliefs. Together these results provide an initial insight into one explanation of why
suicidal patients might report difficulties in preventing and managing suicidal thoughts. 相似文献
249.
Purpose
This study addressed whether or not self-rated and other-rated perspective taking would converge and questioned the relationship between perspective taking and communication satisfaction among coworkers. 相似文献250.