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951.
Extensive research has identified individual differences associated with sex in a range of visual task performances, including susceptibility to visual illusions. The aim of this study was to identify the locus of sex differences within the context of the Poggendorf illusion. 79 women and 79 men participated within a mixed factorial design. Analyses indicated that sex differences were only present in the stimulus context with the full inducing element present. This finding replicates recent research and provides qualifying evidence as to the locus of the effect. The findings are discussed within the functional framework of perceptual processes involved in extrapolating 3-dimensional characteristics from 2-dimensional visual stimuli. 相似文献
952.
Peelle JE Wingfield A 《Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance》2005,31(6):1315-1330
When presented with several time-compressed sentences, young adults' performance improves with practice. Such adaptation has not been studied in older adults. To study age-related changes in perceptual learning, the authors tested young and older adults' ability to adapt to degraded speech. First, the authors showed that older adults, when equated for starting accuracy with young adults, adapted at a rate and magnitude comparable to young adults. However, unlike young adults, older adults failed to transfer this learning to a different speech rate and did not show additional benefit when practice exceeded 20 sentences. Listeners did not adapt to speech degraded by noise, indicating that adaptation to time-compressed speech was not attributable to task familiarity. Finally, both young and older adults adapted to spectrally shifted noise-vocoded speech. The authors conclude that initial perceptual learning is comparable in young and older adults but maintenance and transfer of this learning decline with age. 相似文献
953.
Grudzinskas AJ Clayfield JC Roy-Bujnowski K Fisher WH Richardson MH 《Behavioral sciences & the law》2005,23(2):277-293
The substantial number of persons with mental illness encountered in many sectors of the criminal justice system has spurred actors from various agencies within that system to take actions aimed at reducing the growth of this population. These actions have included the development of specialty police units, jail diversion programs, and other mechanisms for channeling persons with mental illness out of the criminal justice system and into mental health treatment. The courts, too, have become involved in this effort with the recent development of the "mental health court," the latest of the "specialty" or "problem solving courts." These courts have not been without their critics, however, nor are they the only feasible approach to court-based diversion. This paper identifies and explores a range of options for structuring the relationship between criminal courts and local mental health systems. Beginning with a discussion of the rationale motivating the development of mental health courts, two alternatives to this specialty court model are discussed. One involves judges dealing with defendants having mental illness and substance abuse on a case-by-case basis. The other takes advantages of linkages that may already exist between most courts and the mental health providers who conduct their forensic assessments, expanding the role of these providers to serve as boundary spanners between courts and the components of local mental health systems. Regardless of the model adopted, however, appropriate linkages must exist between the courts and relevant providers. A case study is provided that demonstrates how the status of a locale's linkages can be evaluated and how the information derived from such evaluation can be used to improve the linkages between police, courts, and health and human services agencies. 相似文献
954.
955.
Buchanan T Ali T Heffernan TM Ling J Parrott AC Rodgers J Scholey AB 《Behavior research methods》2005,37(1):148-154
There is growing evidence that Internet-mediated psychological tests can have satisfactory psychometric properties and can
measure the same constructs as traditional versions. However, equivalence cannot be taken for granted. The prospective memory
questionnaire (PMQ; Hannon, Adams, Harrington, Fries-Dias, & Gibson, 1995) was used in an on-line study exploring links between
drug use and memory (Rodgers et al., 2003). The PMQ has four factor-analytically derived subscales. In a large (N763) sample
tested via the Internet, only two factors could be recovered; the other two subscales were essentially meaningless. This demonstration
of nonequivalence underlines the importance of on-line test validation. Without examination of its psychometric properties,
one cannot be sure that a test administered via the Internet actually measures the intended construct. 相似文献
956.
The language of thought and natural language understanding 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jonathan Knowles 《Analysis》1998,58(4):264-272
957.
958.
Jonathan Jacobs 《Ratio》1998,11(2):141-158
Aristotle's ethical theorizing contains resources for explaining what I call 'ethical disability'. In theories such as Kant's and Mill's it is important that criteria of right action be accessible to anyone. Aristotle's moral psychology yields a plausible account of how they are not available to everyone. Unless a correct appreciation of good is part of the agent's second nature, the agent will not recognize ethical requirements, and will not have the resources to alter his judgments. Often, bad action is not a matter of agents' flouting or violating criteria of right action that they recognize, but is a matter of agents' regarding as choiceworthy things that are in fact no good, and the agents are unable to appreciate this because of their vices. However, on the Aristotelian view, this is not a condition that diminishes responsibility, because of how voluntariness is interpreted. Some of the views of Susan Wolf and Bernard Williams are discussed in the development of this view of the moral landscape. 相似文献
959.
Dr. Jonathan Rabinowitz DSW 《Contemporary Family Therapy》1996,18(1):161-193
Much of the culturally specific knowledge about helping families in Israel is not readily available; either it is not in English and often appears in local circulation publications or is interwoven in the larger fabric of family treatment literature. This paper attempts to present the knowledge about helping families that has emerged in Israel based on an extensive literature review of all known work in Hebrew and English since 1980 that is related to studying and treating family problems in Israel. Major works, particularly research findings are highlighted. Recommendations for future research in this broad area are given.Revised on October 13, 1994 forContemporary Family Therapy. The author wishes to thank Nomi Mey-Ami for her vital assistance in compling the source material. The complete bibliographic listing is available in Hebrew from the Information Retrieval Center for Research in Social Sciences Henrietta Szold Institute in Jerusalem. 相似文献
960.
Guided discretion statutes were designed to control arbitrariness and discrimination in capital sentencing. Using data from Supplemental Homicide Reports and Trial Judge Reports, this article examines the issue of racial disparity in Missouri's capital punishment process from 1977 through 1991. Findings from the three decision points examined suggest racial bias against the killers of whites, particularly if the offender is black, and a concomitant devaluation of black victims. The strongest effects noted are in the prosecutor's decision to charge homicide offenders with capital murder and to proceed to penalty trial in convicted capital murder cases. While the effects are not necessarily limited to the least aggravated categories, the effects of race are strongest when prosecutors and jurors are freed from the seriousness of the cases to consider other factors. The racial disparities are also apparent in mid-range cases up until the sentencing stage. However, disparities occurring earlier in the process are not rectified during sentencing. In fact, in the least aggravated cases, racial disparities are magnified at the sentencing stage. 相似文献