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811.
The mental health recovery movement promotes patient self-determination and opposes coercive psychiatric treatment. While
it has made great strides towards these ends, its rhetoric impairs its political efficacy. We illustrate how psychiatry can
share recovery values and yet appear to violate them. In certain criminal proceedings, for example, forensic psychiatrists
routinely argue that persons with mental illness who have committed crimes are not full moral agents. Such arguments align
with the recovery movement’s aim of providing appropriate treatment and services for people with severe mental illness, but
contradict its fundamental principle of self-determination. We suggest that this contradiction should be addressed with some
urgency, and we recommend a multidisciplinary collaborative effort involving ethics, law, psychiatry, and social policy to
address this and other ethical questions that arise as the United States strives to implement recovery-oriented programs. 相似文献
812.
Debbie Sookman Jonathan S Abramowitz John E. Calamari Sabine Wilhelm Dean McKay 《Behavior Therapy》2005,36(4):393-400
Although obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a heterogeneous condition, OCD subtypes have received limited attention in trials of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT). Because many patients with OCD do not respond optimally to CBT, it is important for clinicians to consider whether variability in treatment response is related to symptom presentation. Treatment modifications for patients without overt compulsions or with hoarding symptoms show promise. In this article we discuss the available research addressing the treatment of OCD subtypes, review the clinical characteristics and treatment recommendations for prominent OCD subtypes, raise the prospect of using dysfunctional beliefs as a potentially helpful conceptual approach to subtyping OCD and matching treatment to subtypes, and consider future directions in the treatment of OCD subtypes. 相似文献
813.
814.
Elizabeth Brondolo Kim P. Kelly Vonetta Coakley Tamar Gordon Shola Thompson Erika Levy Andrea Cassells Jonathan N. Tobin Monica Sweeney Richard J. Contrada 《Journal of applied social psychology》2005,35(2):335-365
This paper describes 2 studies that evaluated a new instrument, the Perceived Ethnic Discrimination Questionnaire‐Community Version (PEDQ‐CV). The PEDQ‐CV can be used across ethnic groups to assess perceived racism or ethnic discrimination. The scales measure several subdimensions of racism, permitting the examination of different forms of this race‐related stressor. The first study evaluated the psychometric properties of the PEDQ‐CV in a large sample of community‐dwelling adults. The second evaluated psychometric properties of a brief version of the PEDQ‐CV, developed for research protocols requiring a shorter administration time. Tests were made of reliability and several forms of construct validity. Both versions of the PEDQ‐CV have good reliability and construct validity. The PEDQ‐CV can facilitate the development of an integrative body of knowledge across different ethnic groups regarding the existence, determinants, and consequences of discrimination. 相似文献
815.
Jonathan Schaffer 《Philosophical Studies》2005,123(1-2):1-32
Is the relation between properties and the causal powers they confer necessary, or contingent? Necessary, says Sydney Shoemaker
on pain of skepticism about the properties. Contingent, says David Lewis, swallowing the skeptical conclusion. I shall argue
that Lewis is right about the metaphysics, but that Shoemaker and Lewis are wrong about the epistemology. Properties have
intrinsic natures (quiddities), which we can know. On route I shall also argue that (i) the main necessitarian arguments do
not converge on a single view, (ii) properties are transworld entities that cannot be handled by counterpart theory, and (iii)
quiddistic skepticism is merely external world skepticism writ small. 相似文献
816.
817.
Jonathan W. Keller 《Political psychology》2005,26(6):835-867
Models linking domestic political constraints (audience costs, pressures for the diversionary use of force, democratic norms and institutions) to foreign policy behavior generally assume that leaders simply recognize and submit to constraints in their domestic environments—a strong structural argument. In contrast, research on political leadership and decision making suggests that leaders vary systematically in their orientations toward constraints: "constraint respecters" tend to internalize potential constraints, while "constraint challengers" are more likely to view them as obstacles to be overcome. This article develops an integrative theoretical framework that explicitly incorporates these insights and applies them to the domain of crisis decision making. After identifying leaders' expected orientations toward constraints via at-a-distance methods, the plausibility of hypotheses derived from this framework is examined through case studies that explore the decision-making processes employed by President Kennedy (a "constraint respecter") and President Reagan (a "constraint challenger") during international crises. The results suggest that there is important variation in how leaders perceive and respond to domestic constraints, and that leadership style is one—though not the only—important source of this variation. 相似文献
818.
819.
Jonathan Bentwich 《Synthese》2006,153(3):451-455
A key working hypothesis in neuroscience is ‘materialistic reductionism’, i.e., the assumption whereby all physiological, behavioral or cognitive phenomena is produced by localized neurochemical brain activation (but not vice versa). However, analysis of sub-threshold Weber’s psychophysical stimulation indicates its computational irreducibility to the direct interaction between psychophysical stimulation and any neuron/s. This is because the materialistic-reductionistic working hypothesis assumes that the determination of the existence or non-existence of any psychophysical stimulation [s] may only be determined through its direct interaction [di1] with a given neuron/s [N] that together forms the ‘neural registry’ computational level [NR/di1]. But, this implies that in cases of (initial) sub-threshold (sensory-specific) psychophysical stimulation which is increased above the sensory-specific threshold but below Weber’s psychophysical ‘dv’—the psychophysical computational processing [PCP] produces an apparently ‘computationally indeterminate’ output. This is because materialistic reductionism asserts the contingency of PCP upon the existence of a direct interaction between ‘s’ and ‘N’ within the NR/di1 level, but in the special case of Weber’s sub-threshold psychophysical stimulation the same PCP/di1 also asserts the non-existence of ‘s’ (as demanded by Weber’s psychophysical law). However, given robust empirical evidence indicating the capability of PCP to determine whether (or not) ‘s’ exists, we must conclude that PCP may not be carried out from within NR’s direct interaction between a particular psychophysical stimulation and any set of neuron/s in the brain. Hence, the Duality Principle asserts the conceptual irreducibility of sub-threshold psychophysical stimulation to any direct NR/di1: s-N interaction, thereby challenging the current materialistic-reductionistic assumption. 相似文献
820.
Jonathan D. Sarna 《Jewish History》2006,20(2):213-219