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921.
Richard Guest Nick Donnelly Michael Fairhurst Jonathan Potter 《Behavior research methods, instruments & computers》2004,36(2):347-354
Figure copying is often used to detect visuospatial neglect (VSN) in brain-damaged patients. We describe algorithms that enable the computation of parameters for describing figure-copying performance. The researcher can readily implement these algorithms on a computer using image analysis software, and they provide information on goodness-of-fit, relative to a standard model, as well as on dynamic aspects of subjects' performance in completing figure copies. To demonstrate the clinical utility of these algorithms, preliminary results from a group of right-hemisphere brain-damaged patients, some of whom have VSN, are compared with those for age-matched controls. 相似文献
922.
Group members experience mutual enhancement when they evaluate one another’s task capabilities more positively because they are discussing shared as compared to unshared information. Two experiments investigated a social validation explanation for mutual enhancement. In Experiment 1, members of dyads read and discussed either shared or unshared information and collectively recalled this information under conditions where accuracy was important or not. Mutual enhancement occurred when need for accuracy was higher, but not when it was lower. In Experiment 2, members of dyads read validating or non-validating information from an outsider after they collectively recalled shared or unshared information. Members who discussed unshared information and received no validating communication from the outsider gave one another the lowest task capability ratings compared to members who discussed shared information and/or received validating communication from the outsider. All of these results are consistent with a social validation explanation for mutual enhancement. 相似文献
923.
924.
Jonathan Vaughan 《Behavior research methods》2004,36(2):171-172
925.
Harsanyi's 'Utilitarian Theorem' and Utilitarianism 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mathias Risse 《No?s (Detroit, Mich.)》2002,36(4):550-577
926.
927.
Mouthing of inedible objects maintained by automatic reinforcement can be particularly difficult to treat, given that the functional reinforcer is not socially mediated, and therefore it is difficult or impossible to withhold reinforcement. In the current investigation, response blocking was used to reduce automatically maintained object mouthing. Treatment effects were generalized to the natural environment. An attempt at schedule thinning was not successful; however, the participant's parents were trained to implement the treatment successfully in their home. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
928.
929.
Elke Geraerts D. Stephen Lindsay Harald Merckelbach Marko Jelicic Linsey Raymaekers Michelle M. Arnold Jonathan W. Schooler 《Psychological science》2009,20(1):92-98
ABSTRACT— People sometimes report recovering long-forgotten memories of childhood sexual abuse. The memory mechanisms that lead to such reports are not well understood, and the authenticity of recovered memories has often been challenged. We identified two subgroups of people reporting recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse. These subgroups differed dramatically in their cognitive profiles: People who recovered memories of abuse through suggestive therapy exhibited a heightened susceptibility to the construction of false memories, but showed no tendency to underestimate their prior remembering. Conversely, people who recovered memories of abuse spontaneously showed a heightened proneness to forget prior incidences of remembering, but exhibited no increased susceptibility to false memories. This double dissociation points to mechanisms that underlie recovered-memory experiences and indicates that recovered memories may at times be fictitious and may at other times be authentic. 相似文献
930.
Jonathan W. Kelly Timothy P. McNamara Bobby Bodenheimer Thomas H. Carr John J. Rieser 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2009,16(1):176-181
Two experiments explored the role of environmental cues in maintaining spatial orientation (sense of selflocation and direction)
during locomotion. Of particular interest was the importance of geometric cues (provided by environmental surfaces) and featural
cues (nongeometric properties provided by striped walls) in maintaining spatial orientation. Participants performed a spatial
updating task within virtual environments containing geometric or featural cues that were ambiguous or unambiguous indicators
of self-location and direction. Cue type (geometric or featural) did not affect performance, but the number and ambiguity
of environmental cues did. Gender differences, interpreted as a proxy for individual differences in spatial ability and/or
experience, highlight the interaction between cue quantity and ambiguity. When environmental cues were ambiguous, men stayed
oriented with either one or two cues, whereas women stayed oriented only with two. When environmental cues were unambiguous,
women stayed oriented with one cue. 相似文献