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861.
862.
Marc N. Richelle 《Counselling psychology quarterly》1988,1(2-3):317-320
863.
R. Rocco Cottone 《Counselling psychology quarterly》1988,1(4):357-365
Philosophical issues related to theoretical and methodological developments in counseling are addressed, especially related to epistemology (theory of knowledge) and ontology (theory of reality). Social systems theory is described as an epistemologically and ontologically significant challenger to psychological theory, which has traditionally predominated as a foundation for counseling approaches. Recent developments from cognitive biology are used to demonstrate how systems theory may be metatheoretical to the psychological point of view, accounting for all that psychological theory can account for, and more. 相似文献
864.
Counseling training programs have failed to differentiate between and among behavioral, cognitive, and unconsciousness dimesnsions. This omission has resulted in confusion and competition in many counseling curricula in that valuable programs are competing for space rather than being integrated systematically. This article proposes a multilevel model of intentionality which integrates the several aspects of the counselor-client relationship. In turn, this integration of behavioral, cognitive, and unconscious dimensions will have important applications in counselor daily practice. 相似文献
865.
866.
Edward F. Krieg 《Behavior research methods》1988,20(3):361-361
867.
A computer-controlled system that detects spontaneous activity (locomotion and rearing) and diurnal activity rhythms in small animals is described. Automatic recording of subtotals during test periods provides data about habituation (nonassociative learning). The system is relatively inexpensive to construct. Fabricated from highly reliable circuit components, it provides replicable measures that enable comparisons between different experimental treatments to be made using parametric statistics. 相似文献
868.
869.
Evert A. Lindquist 《Knowledge, Technology, and Policy》1988,1(2):86-111
This paper develops hypotheses about the implications of different types of decision for the utilization of different types
of systematically produced information: data, research, and analysis. The engineering and enlightenment models found in the
knowledge utilization literature prove inadequate for this purpose. We turn to three decision models—routine, incremental,
and fundamental–and determine their implied demands for information. We also examine how information might be used in scanning
procedures in anticipation of decision regime shifts. The results suggest that patterns of information should differ markedly
in each decision context and indicate that there may be an inherent bias against the use of research in decision.
Evert A. Lindquist, a doctoral candidate at the Graduate School of Public Policy, University of Calfornia at Berkeley, is
completing a dissertation onPolicy Institutes in Canada: The Organization and Relevance of Public Inquiry and will join the faculty of the Department of Political Science at the University of Toronto this fall. Organizations, public
policy, and the role of information in decision making are among his primary research interests. 相似文献
870.
An emergent social science of knowledge applications, drawing on a substantial multidisciplinary literature published over the past twenty-five years, signals an inversion of typical scholarly reasoning about the knowledge-society nexus. Whereas most scholarly research thus far has concentrated on conditions believed to affect the production of scientific and professional knowledge, we pose a new problematic: What must we examine in order to comprehend and consciously shape applications of scientific and professional knowledge to the manifold problems facing contemporary societies? To date, approaches to this problematic have proceeded on the basis of four broadly accepted if abstract theses about the nature of contemporary knowledge systems: subjectivity, corrigibility, sociality, and complexity. Within the boundaries supplied by these commonly accepted theses are unresolved controversies expressed in competing visions of complexity, alternative perspectives of causation, rival images of progress, and conflicting criteria of application. 相似文献