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941.
942.
The present study tested a theoretical model of dispositional hope and positive religious coping as unique predictors of social justice commitment over and above impression management in a sample of graduate students (N?=?214) in helping professions at an Evangelical Protestant university in the USA. This empirical study utilised a cultural psychology approach with a theoretical framework developed from (a) an earlier cultural psychology study of hope and social justice using the social philosophies of Martin Luther King, Jr, Cornel West, and Paulo Freire and (b) several liberation and Pietistic theologians. Results supported the discriminant validity hypothesis with dispositional hope and positive religious coping each predicting social justice commitment over and above a measure of spiritual impression management. Implications are considered for contextually sensitive training and future empirical and interdisciplinary research on social justice commitment. 相似文献
943.
Jonathan Guez Ainat Rogel Nir Getter Eldad Keha Tzlil Cohen Tali Amor 《Memory (Hove, England)》2013,21(5):683-694
The relationships between memory processes and oscillatory electroencephalography (EEG) are well established. Neurofeedback training (NFT) may cause participants to better regulate their brain EEG oscillations. The present study is a double-blind sham-controlled design investigating the effect of NFT on memory. NFT included up-training upper alpha (UA) band, up-training sensory-motor rhythm (SMR) band and sham protocol. Thirty healthy adult volunteers were randomly divided into three treatment groups. NFT sessions (30 min each) took place twice weekly for a total of 10 sessions while memory testing took place pre- and post-training. The results indicate dissociation between SMR and UA NFT and different memory processes. While the SMR protocol resulted in improving automatic, item-specific and familiarity-based processes in memory, the UA protocol resulted in improved strategic and controlled recollection. The implications of the results are discussed. 相似文献
944.
945.
Chou Jonathan C. Schepel Ianthe R. M. Vo Anne T. Kapetanovic Suad Schaff Pamela B. 《The Journal of medical humanities》2021,42(4):641-657
Journal of Medical Humanities - This paper describes a pilot study of a new model for narrative medicine training, “community-based participatory narrative medicine” (CBPNM), which... 相似文献
946.
In an experiment measuring event-related brain potentials (ERPs), single-letter targets were preceded by briefly presented
masked letter primes. Name and case consistency were manipulated across primes and targets so that the prime was either the
same letter as the target (or not), and was presented in the same case as the target (or not). Separate analyses were performed
for letters whose upper- and lowercase forms had similar features (or not). The results revealed an effect of prime-target
visual similarity between 120 and 180 msec, an effect of case-specific letter identity between 180 and 220 msec, and an effect
of case-independent letter identity between 220 and 300 msec. We argue that these ERP results reflect processing in a hierarchical
system for letter recognition that involves both case-specific and case-independent representations of alphabetic stimuli. 相似文献
947.
A brief self-report scale was developed to assess everyday performance failures arising directly or primarily from brief failures of sustained attention (attention-related cognitive errors-ARCES). The ARCES was found to be associated with a more direct measure of propensity to attention lapses (Mindful Attention Awareness Scale--MAAS) and to errors on an existing behavioral measure of sustained attention (Sustained Attention to Response Task--SART). Although the ARCES and MAAS were highly correlated, structural modelling revealed the ARCES was more directly related to SART errors and the MAAS to SART RTs, which have been hypothesized to directly reflect the lapses of attention that lead to SART errors. Thus, the MAAS and SART RTs appear to directly reflect attention lapses, whereas the ARCES and SART errors reflect the mistakes these lapses are thought to cause. Boredom proneness was also assessed by the BPS, as a separate consequence of a propensity to attention lapses. Although the ARCES was significantly associated with the BPS, this association was entirely accounted for by the MAAS, suggesting that performance errors and boredom are separate consequences of lapses in attention. A tendency to even extraordinarily brief attention lapses on the order of milliseconds may have far-reaching consequences not only for safe and efficient task performance but also for sustaining the motivation to persist in and enjoy these tasks. 相似文献
948.
Evans JS 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2006,13(3):378-395
An extensively revised heuristic-analytic theory of reasoning is presented incorporating three principles of hypothetical
thinking. The theory assumes that reasoning and judgment are facilitated by the formation of epistemic mental models that
are generated one at a time (singularity principle) by preconscious heuristic processes that contextualize problems in such
a way as to maximize relevance to current goals (relevance principle). Analytic processes evaluate these models but tend to
accept them unless there is good reason to reject them (satisficing principle). At a minimum, analytic processing of models
is required so as to generate inferences or judgments relevant to the task instructions, but more active intervention may
result in modification or replacement of default models generated by the heuristic system. Evidence for this theory is provided
by a review of a wide range of literature on thinking and reasoning. 相似文献
949.
Handley SJ Evans JS Thompson VA 《Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition》2006,32(3):559-569
Under the suppositional account of conditionals, when people think about a conditional assertion, "if p then q," they engage in a mental simulation in which they imagine p holds and evaluate the probability that q holds under this supposition. One implication of this account is that belief in a conditional equates to conditional probability [P(q/p)]. In this paper, the authors examine a further implication of this analysis with respect to the wide-scope negation of conditional assertions, "it is not the case that if p then q." Under the suppositional account, nothing categorically follows from the negation of a conditional, other than a second conditional, "if p then not-q." In contrast, according to the mental model theory, a negated conditional is consistent only with the determinate state of affairs, p and not-q. In 4 experiments, the authors compare the contrasting predictions that arise from each of these accounts. The findings are consistent with the suppositional theory but are incongruent with the mental model theory of conditionals. 相似文献
950.
Cognitive diagnosis models are constrained (multiple classification) latent class models that characterize the relationship of questionnaire responses to a set of dichotomous latent variables. Having emanated from educational measurement, several aspects of such models seem well suited to use in psychological assessment and diagnosis. This article presents the development of a new cognitive diagnosis model for use in psychological assessment--the DINO (deterministic input; noisy "or" gate) model--which, as an illustrative example, is applied to evaluate and diagnose pathological gamblers. As part of this example, a demonstration of the estimates obtained by cognitive diagnosis models is provided. Such estimates include the probability an individual meets each of a set of dichotomous Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (text revision [DSM-IV-TR]; American Psychiatric Association, 2000) criteria, resulting in an estimate of the probability an individual meets the DSM-IV-TR definition for being a pathological gambler. Furthermore, a demonstration of how the hypothesized underlying factors contributing to pathological gambling can be measured with the DINO model is presented, through use of a covariance structure model for the tetrachoric correlation matrix of the dichotomous latent variables representing DSM-IV-TR criteria. 相似文献