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991.
Krysta Chauncey Phillip J. Holcomb Jonathan Grainger 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2009,9(3):286-303
In two experiments, while event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded, participants named picture targets that were preceded
by masked word primes that corresponded either to the name of the picture target or to an unrelated picture name. Experiment
1 showed significant priming effects in the ERP waveforms, free from articulator artifact, starting as early as 200 msec post
target onset. Possible loci of these priming effects were proposed within the framework of generic interactive activation
models of word recognition and picture naming. These were grouped into three main components: object-specific structural representations,
amodal semantic representations, and word-specific phonological and articulatory representations. Experiment 2 provided an
initial test of the possible role of each of these components by comparing within-language repetition priming with priming
from translation equivalents in bilingual participants. The early and widespread effects of noncognate translation primes
in L1 on picture naming in L2 point to object-specific and amodal semantic representations as the principal loci of priming
effects obtained with masked word primes and picture targets. 相似文献
992.
Jonathan Ling Tanya C. Burton Julia L. Salt Steven J. Muncer 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2009,100(3):539-552
The psychometric properties of the systemizing quotient (SQ) developed by Baron‐Cohen (2003) are investigated in three studies. Furthermore, we examine the notion that the ability to systemize should be independent of intelligence. In Studies 1 and 2, confirmatory factor analyses are used to examine the factor structure of the SQ. Study 3 examines the relationship between systemizing, mental rotation and intelligence. Studies 1 and 2 indicate that the SQ does not possess a unifactorial structure but is best considered as four related factors; Study 3 found that SQ was not related to intelligence, although mental rotation was. A four factor structure using fewer items was a better fit for the data than either the original version of the SQ or Wakabayashi et al.'s (2006) revised version. Overall these results support Baron‐Cohen's view that SQ is not related to intelligence. Although mental rotation is correlated to SQ, it is not the main determinant of SQ. The problems of self‐report measures are discussed along with the difficulties related to measuring systemizing. 相似文献
993.
994.
Jonathan P. Hill Daniel V. A. Olson 《Journal for the scientific study of religion》2009,48(4):629-649
A central claim of the religious economies model is that religious competition affects levels of religious participation and commitment primarily because religious competition pushes the suppliers of religion (religious leaders and organizations) to market their faith more vigorously and effectively. We examine whether U.S. congregations experiencing greater religious competition measured by their smaller religious market share do more to recruit new members, offer more services to current followers, and whether their clergy work longer hours. The efforts of congregations and clergy do vary substantially, but this variation is not related to their denomination's market share. The variations are also not due to religious pluralism, intradenominational competition, or evangelical market share. Members of small market share congregations are more committed, but this higher commitment does not appear to arise because religious suppliers are responding to religious competition. Several alternative explanations for the higher commitment levels of small market share groups are offered with a discussion of the implications for theories of religious competition. 相似文献
995.
Evelina Fedorenko Aniruddh Patel Daniel Casasanto Jonathan Winawer Edward Gibson 《Memory & cognition》2009,37(1):1-9
In this study, we investigate whether language and music share cognitive resources for structural processing. We report an
experiment that used sung materials and manipulated linguistic complexity (subject-extracted relative clauses, object-extracted
relative clauses) and musical complexity (in-key critical note, out-of-key critical note, auditory anomaly on the critical
note involving a loudness increase). The auditory-anomaly manipulation was included in order to test whether the difference
between in-key and out-of-key conditions might be due to any salient, unexpected acoustic event. The critical dependent measure
involved comprehension accuracies to questions about the propositional content of the sentences asked at the end of each trial.
The results revealed an interaction between linguistic and musical complexity such that the difference between the subject-
and object-extracted relative clause conditions was larger in the out-of-key condition than in the in-key and auditory-anomaly
conditions. These results provide evidence for an overlap in structural processing between language and music. 相似文献
996.
Florian Klonek Sascha Tamm Markus J. Hofmann Arthur M. Jacobs 《Psychological research》2009,73(6):871-882
The conflict monitoring theory (CMT) assumes that word-stems associated with several completions should lead to crosstalk
and conflict due to underdetermined responding situation (Botvinick et al. in Psychol Rev 108(3):624–652, 2001). In contrast, the Multiple-Read-Out-Model (MROM) of Jacobs and Grainger (J Exp Psychol 20(6): 1311–1334, 1994) predicts a high level of general lexical activity (GLA) for word-stems with many completions, indicating a higher stimulus
familiarity because these stems are more probable to be read. We compared word-stems with several completions against word-stems
with one possible completion while measuring response times and electrophysiological recordings. Slowest response times and
a distinct FN400 component, which has previously been related to the concept of familiarity (Curran in Memory Cogn 28(6):923–938,
2000), were apparent for word-stems that could only be associated with a single response. These findings support the claims of
the MROM. Furthermore, the lack of the N2-component for word-stems with several completions continues to challenge the EEG-extension
of the CMT (Yeung et al. in Psychol Rev 111(4):2004). 相似文献
997.
Newell, Mitchell, and Hayes (NMH) conduct three experiments designed to test whether exemplar cuing (EC) theory or a statistical format theory provides a more accurate account for how people make judgments about low‐probability events. They report finding support for the statistical format theory and little or no support for EC. However, NMH misstate the requirements for the production of exemplars in EC theory. As a result, they confuse non‐exemplar conditions with exemplar conditions in their experiments, and find results that are virtually irrelevant to EC theory. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
998.
ABSTRACT— This article presents the first meta-analysis of experimental research on rejection, sampling 88 studies. The results are consistent with a needs account, which states that rejection frustrates basic psychological needs, but not with a numbness account, which states that rejection causes physical and emotional numbness. Rejection moderately lowers mood ( d =−0.50) and self-esteem ( d =−0.70), but does not decrease arousal or flatten affect. Both belonging ( d = 0.69) and control ( d = 1.16) are frustrated by rejection. Aggressive responses to rejection, considered paradoxical by some, appear to be due to attempts to gain control; measures that contrast belonging and control ( d =−1.17) cause antisocial responding, whereas measures that do not allow for control to be restored cause prosocial responding ( d = 1.21). These findings suggest that rejection makes individuals feel bad—ready to act to restore control or belonging—and that they will prioritize restoring control even if it requires being antisocial. 相似文献
999.
1000.