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41.
42.
Cruz Jonas Preposi Colet Paolo C. Qubeilat Hikmet Al-Otaibi Jazi Coronel Erwin I. Suminta Roderick C. 《Journal of religion and health》2018,57(4):1598-1598
Journal of Religion and Health - The authors regret that the following error occurred in the original publication of the article. The corrected text has been presented with this erratum. In the... 相似文献
43.
Jonas Eimontas Goda Gegieckaite Migle Dovydaitiene Egle Mazulyte Zivile Rimsaite Paulius Skruibis 《Anxiety, stress, and coping》2018,31(2):146-158
Background: Adjustment disorder is among the most often diagnosed mental health disorders. Still, there is a lack of specific interventions available for adjustment disorder.Objectives: The aim of this study was to test if an internet-based self-help intervention for adjustment disorder could be effective without therapist involvement.Design: A parallel group randomized controlled trial design was used to test the effectiveness of the Brief Adjustment Disorder Intervention (BADI) – an internet-based intervention for adjustment disorder.Methods: In total 1077 participants were randomized into two conditions: BADI intervention and BADI intervention with therapist support. The main outcome measures were symptoms of adjustment disorder and well-being.Results: Pre-intervention to post-intervention adjustment disorder effect size for the BADI intervention group was d?=?0.64, and for the BADI with therapist support group the effect size was d?=?0.53.Conclusions: The present study supported the effectiveness of the BADI intervention. Our findings also indicated that adding therapist support to the standard BADI intervention did not significantly improve the outcomes. 相似文献
44.
Children's selective trust decisions: rational competence and limiting performance factors
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Jonas Hermes Tanya Behne Anna Elisa Bich Christa Thielert Hannes Rakoczy 《Developmental science》2018,21(2)
Recent research has amply documented that even preschoolers learn selectively from others, preferring, for example, reliable over unreliable and competent over incompetent models. It remains unclear, however, what the cognitive foundations of such selective learning are, in particular, whether it builds on rational inferences or on less sophisticated processes. The current study, therefore, was designed to test directly the possibility that children are in principle capable of selective learning based on rational inference, yet revert to simpler strategies such as global impression formation under certain circumstances. Preschoolers (N = 75) were shown pairs of models that either differed in their degree of competence within one domain (strong vs. weak or knowledgeable vs. ignorant) or were both highly competent, but in different domains (e.g., strong vs. knowledgeable model). In the test trials, children chose between the models for strength‐ or knowledge‐related tasks. The results suggest that, in fact, children are capable of rational inference‐based selective trust: when both models were highly competent, children preferred the model with the competence most predictive and relevant for a given task. However, when choosing between two models that differed in competence on one dimension, children reverted to halo‐style wide generalizations and preferred the competent models for both relevant and irrelevant tasks. These findings suggest that the rational strategies for selective learning, that children master in principle, can get masked by various performance factors. 相似文献
45.
This paper focuses on the Swiss dual system of vocational education and training (VET), on the basis of the results of a study on VET dropouts. The adopted theoretical framework and method of analysis is the psychodynamic of work, which makes it possible to stress the specific constraints of a system that is closely related to the world of work. The various forms of suffering evoked by apprentices, as well as the strategies implemented to cope with it, are highlighted. The analyses also stress the pleasure young people can experience in VET. Between pleasure and suffering, these elements make it possible to consider both the assets and the shortcomings of this education system. 相似文献
46.
Visuo-spatial representations of the alphabet (so-called 'alphabet forms') may be as common as other types of sequence-space synaesthesia, but little is known about them or the way they relate to implicit spatial associations in the general population. In the first study, we describe the characteristics of a large sample of alphabet forms visualized by synaesthetes. They most often run from left to right and have salient features (e.g., bends, breaks) at particular points in the sequence that correspond to chunks in the 'Alphabet Song' and at the alphabet mid-point. The Alphabet Song chunking suggests that the visuo-spatial characteristics are derived, at least in part, from those of the verbal sequence learned earlier in life. However, these synaesthetes are no faster at locating points in the sequence (e.g., what comes before/after letter X?) than controls. They tend to be more spatially consistent (measured by eye tracking) and letters can act as attentional cues to left/right space in synaesthetes with alphabet forms (measured by saccades), but not in non-synaesthetes. This attentional cueing suggests dissociation between numbers (which reliably act as attentional cues in synaesthetes and non-synaesthetes) and letters (which act as attentional cues in synaesthetes only). 相似文献
47.
Are symptoms of daytime sleepiness relevant among patients with insomnia? Patients with insomnia frequently report daytime consequences secondary to their difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of daytime sleepiness as defined by a self-reported measure of daytime sleepiness (the Epworth Sleepiness Scale). In addition, the study characterized the patients' psychological status using the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised. The study corroborated a relatively high frequency of excessive daytime sleepiness and psychiatric conditions among patients with insomnia. Furthermore, the results of the study suggest variation in psychological distress levels, according to the different levels of sleepiness/alertness. 相似文献
48.
Uwe Meixner 《Erkenntnis》1998,48(2-3):209-226
The paper first distinguishes ontological priority from epistemological priority and unilateral ontic dependence. Then explications
of ontological priority are offered in terms of the reducibility of the actual existence or identity of entities in one ontological
category to the actual existence or identity of entities in another. These explications lead to incompatible orders of ontological
priority for individuals, properties of individuals and states of affairs. Common to those orders is, however, that the primacy
of the category of individuals is abandoned. This primacy is challenged in the paper also by epistemological arguments, and
an onto-anthropological explanation is offered for the very common but false idea that individuals are ontological prior to
all other kinds of entities. Finally ontological priority is discussed with respect to a fully specified system of ontological
categories.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
49.
Anderson Jonas das Neves Ana Claudia Moreira Almeida-Verdu Leandra Tabanez do Nascimento Silva Adriane Lima Mortari Moret Deisy das Graças de Souza 《Behavioral Interventions》2023,38(2):376-400
Research supports equivalence-based instruction (EBI) and matrix training for increased listening and speaking skills in children with cochlear implants (CI). We incorporated errorless procedures to optimize the EBI and evaluated the effects on the auditory comprehension and verbal responding at-sentences level in six CI children who were readers and showed inaccurate tacting. Subject-verb-object sentences were arranged in two matrices; diagonal combinations were trained and evaluated non-diagonal combinations. EBI included stimulus fading and exclusion to directly teach the dictated sentence-picture matching; written-sentences construction upon dictation also was taught. Probes assessed the derived stimulus-stimulus and stimulus-response relations. All participants learned the auditory-visual discriminations and the exclusion resulted in fewer errors than on a stimulus fading procedure. Five participants formed equivalence classes and increased verbal responding to equivalent stimuli, especially pictures tacting. They also showed recombinative generalization for both matrices. Professionals can incorporate errorless procedures to EBI for improving sentence comprehension, tacting, and productivity in CI children. 相似文献
50.
Anna Åhlander Maria Strömbäck Jonas Sandlund Maria Wiklund 《Counselling and Psychotherapy Research》2023,23(4):893-905