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41.
Giorgio Grossi Anna Åhs Ulf Lundberg 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1998,33(3):249-263
The aim of the present study was to examine the association between psychological factors and salivary cortisol secretion
(baseline level, reactivity to laboratory stressors) in a sample of 59 long-term unemployed men and women (mean age 42±10
years). Subjects were divided into four groups according to their basal levels of salivary cortisol as well as their reactivity
to experimental stress (stress level minus baseline): (1) low base/low reactivity; (2) high base/low reactivity; (3) low base/high
reactivity; and (4) high base/high reactivity. The low base/low reactivity group was characterized by significantly higher
somatic anxiety, muscular tension, irritability, and depression (Beck’s Depression Inventory) and lower perceived control
(mastery) than the other groups. The low base/high reactivity group was also characterized by depression and low perceived
control. The high base/low reactivity group was higher in terms of monotony avoidance, Type-A behavior (JAS) and mastery,
but lower in depression. The results indicate that (1) individuals with personality traits reflecting emotional distress are
more vulnerable to exhaustion of the HPA-axis following long-term unemployment and (2) monotony avoidance and Type-A behavior,
at least temporarily, seem to exert a beneficial influence on mental well-being among long-term unemployed individuals. 相似文献
42.
43.
Helge Årsheim 《Religion》2016,46(1):137-139
44.
The Mobilizing Effect of Right‐Wing Ideological Climates: Cross‐Level Interaction Effects on Different Types of Outgroup Attitudes 下载免费PDF全文
Jasper Van Assche Arne Roets Jonas De keersmaecker Alain Van Hiel 《Political psychology》2017,38(5):757-776
The present research investigated a multilevel person‐context interactionist framework for the relationship between right‐wing ideologies and prejudice across two large, representative samples (Study 1: European Social Survey: N = 56,752; Study 2: World Values Survey: N = 74,042). Across three different operationalizations of right‐wing ideology, two contextual levels (regional and national) of right‐wing climate, and three types of outgroup attitudes (i.e., age‐, ethnicity‐, and gender‐based), the analyses consistently revealed cross‐level interactions, showing a strong association between right‐wing attitudes and negative outgroup attitudes at the individual level in contexts with a low right‐wing climate, whereas this relationship is weaker and often even absent in contexts with a high right‐wing climate. These cross‐level interactions remained significant after controlling for statistical artefacts (i.e., restriction of range and outliers). The authors propose norm setting as the mobilizing mechanism through which a right‐wing climate develops and curbs the influence of individual right‐wing social‐ideological attitudes on outgroup attitudes. 相似文献
45.
Jonas Everaert Ivan Grahek Wouter Duyck Jana Buelens Nathan Van den Bergh Ernst H. W. Koster 《Cognition & emotion》2017,31(4):726-735
Cognitive biases and emotion regulation (ER) difficulties have been instrumental in understanding hallmark features of depression. However, little is known about the interplay among these important risk factors to depression. This cross-sectional study investigated how multiple cognitive biases modulate the habitual use of ER processes and how ER habits subsequently regulate depressive symptoms. All participants first executed a computerised version of the scrambled sentences test (interpretation bias measure) while their eye movements were registered (attention bias measure) and then completed questionnaires assessing positive reappraisal, brooding, and depressive symptoms. Path and bootstrapping analyses supported both direct effects of cognitive biases on depressive symptoms and indirect effects via the use of brooding and via the use of reappraisal that was in turn related to the use of brooding. These findings help to formulate a better understanding of how cognitive biases and ER habits interact to maintain depressive symptoms. 相似文献
46.
Deficient cognitive control over emotional material and cognitive biases are important mechanisms underlying depression, but the interplay between these emotionally distorted cognitive processes in relation to depressive symptoms is not well understood. This study investigated the relations among deficient cognitive control of emotional information (i.e. inhibition, shifting, and updating difficulties), cognitive biases (i.e. negative attention and interpretation biases), and depressive symptoms. Theory-driven indirect effect models were constructed, hypothesising that deficient cognitive control over emotional material predicts depressive symptoms through negative attention and interpretation biases. Bootstrapping analyses demonstrated that deficient inhibitory control over negative material was related to negative attention bias which in turn predicted a congruent bias in interpretation and subsequently depressive symptoms. Both shifting and updating impairments in response to negative material had an indirect effect on depression severity through negative interpretation bias. No evidence was found for direct effects of deficient cognitive control over emotional material on depressive symptoms. These findings may help to formulate an integrated understanding of the cognitive foundations of depressive symptoms. 相似文献
47.
Peter Fischer Eva Jonas Dieter Frey Stefan Schulz‐Hardt 《European journal of social psychology》2005,35(4):469-492
In research on selective exposure to information, people have been found to predominantly seek information supporting rather than conflicting with their opinion. In most of these studies, participants were allowed to search for as many pieces of information as they liked. However, in many situations, the amount of information that people can search for is restricted. We report four experiments addressing this issue. Experiment 1 suggests that objective limits regarding the maximum number of pieces of information the participants could search for increases the preference for selecting supporting over conflicting information. In Experiment 2, just giving participants a cue about information scarcity induces the same effect, even in the absence of any objective restrictions. Finally, Experiment 3 and 4 clarify the underlying psychological process by showing that information limits increase selective exposure to information because information search is guided by the expected information quality, which is basically biased towards supporting information, and information limits act to reinforce this tendency. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
48.
49.
Intrinsicalism and Conditionalism about Final Value 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Jonas Olson 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2004,7(1):31-52
The paper distinguishes between two rival views about the nature of final value (i.e. the value something has for its own
sake) — intrinsicalism and conditionalism. The former view (which is the one adopted by G.E. Moore and several later writers) holds that the final value of any F supervenes
solely on features intrinsic to F, while the latter view allows that the final value of F may supervene on features non-intrinsic
to F. Conditionalism thus allows the final value of F to vary according to the context in which F appears. Given the plausible
assumption that there is an intimate tie between final values and appropriate attitudinal responses, it appears that conditionalism
is the better approach for mainly the following three reasons: First, intrinsicalism is too indiscriminate, which makes it
subject to what I call ‘location problems’ of final value. I illustrate this problem by discussing alleged examples of Moorean
organic unities. Second, intrinsicalism evokes symptoms of ‘evaluative schizophrenia’. Third, considerations of theoretical
economy tell in favour of conditionalism. Thereafter I respond to some recent challenges to conditionalism. An appendix surveys
some meritorious implications that conditionalism offers for various substantial versions of such structurally different views
about value as monism, pluralism, and particularism. 相似文献
50.
Jonas Otterbeck 《Contemporary Islam》2012,6(3):341-353
To understand Saudi Arabian Wahhabi theology, it needs to be contextualized. This article explores the discussion about music in Saudi Arabia in order to illuminate the political theory of the social of Wahhabi theology and the ongoing transformation of Saudi publicness. Since Wahhabism has singled out music as one of the abominations of society to be avoided by the believer, the changing soundscapes of the kingdom as music becomes a more common public presence has becomes a hot topic of discussion. By looking at the common Wahhabi stand on music and comparing it with both new practices and a new discourse represented by the scholar al-Kalbani, it becomes clear how a plurality of opinions challenge established Wahhabi agendas in a new publicness. This, in its turn, makes it relevant to investigate the logic of the political vision of the social that the official Wahhabi scholars have. I argue that this Wahhabi theology needs to be understood in the framework of its view on the human psyche and in relation to its concept of sin. I further argue that a renegotiation of positions is taking place, since negative judgments about music are not internalized in the population to the extent scholars might wish for or envisage. 相似文献