Joël Billieux  Alexandre Heeren  Lucien Rochat  Pierre Maurage  Sophie Bayard  Romain Bet  Chrystel Besche-Richard  Gaëlle Challet-Bouju  Arnaud Carré  Gaëtan Devos  Maèva Flayelle  Fabien Gierski  Marie Grall-Bronnec  Laurence Kern  Yasser Khazaal  Christophe Lançon  Séverine Lannoy  George A. Michael  Stéphane Raffard  Lucia Romo  Martial Van der Linden  Aline Wéry  Natale Canale  Daniel L. King  Adriano Schimmenti  Stéphanie Baggio 《Journal of personality》2021,89(6):1252-1262

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Jocelyn J. Bélanger  Katherine E. Collier  Claudia F. Nisa  Birga M. Schumpe 《Journal of personality》2021,89(6):1159-1175

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Paula Lissón  Dorothea Pregla  Bruno Nicenboim  Dario Paape  Mick L. van het Nederend  Frank Burchert  Nicole Stadie  David Caplan  Shravan Vasishth 《Cognitive Science》2021,45(4):e12956

Can sentence comprehension impairments in aphasia be explained by difficulties arising from dependency completion processes in parsing? Two distinct models of dependency completion difficulty are investigated, the Lewis and Vasishth (2005) activation-based model and the direct-access model (DA; McElree, 2000). These models' predictive performance is compared using data from individuals with aphasia (IWAs) and control participants. The data are from a self-paced listening task involving subject and object relative clauses. The relative predictive performance of the models is evaluated using k-fold cross-validation. For both IWAs and controls, the activation-based model furnishes a somewhat better quantitative fit to the data than the DA. Model comparisons using Bayes factors show that, assuming an activation-based model, intermittent deficiencies may be the best explanation for the cause of impairments in IWAs, although slowed syntax and lexical delayed access may also play a role. This is the first computational evaluation of different models of dependency completion using data from impaired and unimpaired individuals. This evaluation develops a systematic approach that can be used to quantitatively compare the predictions of competing models of language processing.  相似文献   

    

Padraic Monaghan  Seán G. Roberts 《Cognitive Science》2021,45(4):e12968

Iconicity, the resemblance between the form of a word and its meaning, has effects on behavior in both communicative symbol development and language learning experiments. These results have invited speculation about iconicity being a key feature of the origins of language, yet the presence of iconicity in natural languages seems limited. In a diachronic study of language change, we investigated the extent to which iconicity is a stable property of vocabulary, alongside previously investigated psycholinguistic predictors of change. Analyzing 784 English words with data on their historical forms, we found that stable words are higher in iconicity, longer in length, and earlier acquired during development, but that the role of frequency and grammatical category may be less important than previously suggested. Iconicity is revealed as a feature of ultra-conserved words and potentially also as a property of vocabulary early in the history of language origins.  相似文献   

    

Léa Entzmann  Nathalie Guyader  Louise Kauffmann  Juliette Lenouvel  Clémence Charles  Carole Peyrin  Roman Vuillaume  Martial Mermillod 《Cognitive Science》2021,45(10):e13042

Previous studies have shown that the human visual system can detect a face and elicit a saccadic eye movement toward it very efficiently compared to other categories of visual stimuli. In the first experiment, we tested the influence of facial expressions on fast face detection using a saccadic choice task. Face-vehicle pairs were simultaneously presented and participants were asked to saccade toward the target (the face or the vehicle). We observed that saccades toward faces were initiated faster, and more often in the correct direction, than saccades toward vehicles, regardless of the facial expressions (happy, fearful, or neutral). We also observed that saccade endpoints on face images were lower when the face was happy and higher when it was neutral. In the second experiment, we explicitly tested the detection of facial expressions. We used a saccadic choice task with emotional-neutral pairs of faces and participants were asked to saccade toward the emotional (happy or fearful) or the neutral face. Participants were faster when they were asked to saccade toward the emotional face. They also made fewer errors, especially when the emotional face was happy. Using computational modeling, we showed that this happy face advantage can, at least partly, be explained by perceptual factors. Also, saccade endpoints were lower when the target was happy than when it was fearful. Overall, we suggest that there is no automatic prioritization of emotional faces, at least for saccades with short latencies, but that salient local face features can automatically attract attention.  相似文献   

    

Enrique Canessa  Sergio E. Chaigneau  Sebastián Moreno 《Cognitive Science》2021,45(10):e13044

In the property listing task (PLT), participants are asked to list properties for a concept (e.g., for the concept dog, “barks,” and “is a pet” may be produced). In conceptual property norming (CPNs) studies, participants are asked to list properties for large sets of concepts. Here, we use a mathematical model of the property listing process to explore two longstanding issues: characterizing the difference between concrete and abstract concepts, and characterizing semantic knowledge in the blind versus sighted population. When we apply our mathematical model to a large CPN reporting properties listed by sighted and blind participants, the model uncovers significant differences between concrete and abstract concepts. Though we also find that blind individuals show many of the same processing differences between abstract and concrete concepts found in sighted individuals, our model shows that those differences are noticeably less pronounced than in sighted individuals. We discuss our results vis-a-vis theories attempting to characterize abstract concepts.  相似文献   

What does schedule fit add to work–family research? The incremental effect of schedule fit on work–family conflict,schedule satisfaction,and turnover intentions     

Matthew M. Piszczek  James E. Martin  Avani S. Pimputkar  Lyonel Laulié 《Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology》2021,94(4):866-889

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Annamria Manga  Petra Madurka  Pl Vakli  C. Brock Kirwan  Zoltn Vidnynszky 《Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)》2021,28(4):109

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Klara Kovarski  Florent Caetta  Martial Mermillod  Carole Peyrin  Céline Perez  Lionel Granjon  Richard Delorme  Ariane Cartigny  Tiziana Zalla  Sylvie Chokron 《Journal of Neuropsychology》2021,15(2):235-252

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by difficulties in the social domain, but also by hyper- and hypo-reactivity. Atypical visual behaviours and processing have often been observed. Nevertheless, several similar signs are also identified in other clinical conditions including cerebral visual impairments (CVI). In the present study, we investigated emotional face categorization in groups of children with ASD and CVI by comparing each group to typically developing individuals (TD) in two tasks. Stimuli were either non-filtered or filtered by low- and high-spatial frequencies (LSF and HSF). All participants completed the autism spectrum quotient score (AQ) and a complete neurovisual evaluation. The results show that while both clinical groups presented difficulties in the emotional face recognition tasks and atypical processing of filtered stimuli, they did not differ from one another. Additionally, autistic traits were observed in the CVI group and symmetrically, some visual disturbances were present in the ASD group as measured via the AQ score and a neurovisual evaluation, respectively. The present study suggests the relevance of comparing ASD to CVI by showing that emotional face categorization difficulties should not be solely considered as autism-specific but merit investigation for potential dysfunction of the visual processing neural network. These results are of interest in both clinical and research perspectives, indicating that systematic visual examination is warranted for individuals with ASD.  相似文献   

    

Stéphanie Roussel  André Tricot  John Sweller 《The British journal of educational psychology》2022,92(2):627-644

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