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181.
Donald F. Sacco Kurt Hugenberg Jon A. Sefcek 《Personality and individual differences》2009,47(7):777-782
Across two studies, sexually unrestricted men and women showed heightened sensitivity to female facial symmetry (a signal of genetic fitness) and female sexual receptivity (happy facial expressions). In Study 1, individuals assessed the attractiveness of male and female targets of varying facial symmetry. Sexually unrestricted men and women, compared to their sexually restricted counterparts, showed a stronger symmetry advantage in attractiveness ratings for female targets, an indication of greater sensitivity to facial symmetry. Study 2 asked participants to discriminate between genuine (Duchenne) and deceptive smiles on both male and female faces. Results indicated that sexually unrestricted men and women, compared to sexually restricted individuals, were better able to discriminate between these actual and deceptive signals of receptivity for female targets. Neither study found any relationship between sociosexual orientation and the perception of male targets. These results suggest that sexually unrestricted individuals are attuned to reproductively-relevant cues in female faces. 相似文献
182.
Jon Oberlander 《Kognitionswissenschaft》1998,7(1):33-38
Syllogistic reasoning can be modelled with mental models. Heterogeneous reasoning brings together propositional and visual information, and in the Hyperproof logic-teaching system, the visual can act as a model for the propositional. Both mental models notation and Hyperproof’s visual representations allow abstractions of a limited kind. Individual differences in reasoning performance have been found in both domains. We suggest that at least some of the differences can be attributed to students’ differing ability to manipulate abstractions. 相似文献
183.
184.
Jon Pérez Laraudogoitia 《No?s (Detroit, Mich.)》2014,48(4):773-780
A detailed consideration of the Trojan fly supertask reveals certain unsuspected characteristics relating to determinism and causation. I propose here a solution to the new difficulty in terms of bare dispositions. 相似文献
185.
Jodi J. Frey PhD Philip J. Osteen PhD Tanya L. Sharpe PhD Amanda O. Mosby MA Thomas Joiner PhD Brian Ahmedani PhD Derek Iwamoto PhD Boyoung Nam PhD Sally Spencer-Thomas PsyD Jungyai Ko PhD Orrin D. Ware MSW Rachel Imboden MSW Michelle M. Cornette PhD Jon Gilgoff MSW 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2023,53(1):137-153
186.
Recent experiments in embodied social cognition suggest a fundamental link between physical warmth and social affiliation. Findings from two experiments support the hypothesis that physical warmth serves as a symbolic cue signaling the close proximity of a source of affiliation. In Experiment 1, participants perceived a warm object as being physically closer than a cold object. In Experiment 2, being primed with warmth led participants to display higher levels of self-reported social affiliative motivation. In both studies, effects were moderated by individual differences in attachment style; priming effects were pronounced among those low in attachment avoidance and those high in attachment anxiety. These findings contribute to a growing literature suggesting deep connections between perception, physical experience, and social cognition. 相似文献
187.
Jon Pérez Laraudogoitia 《Philosophia》2013,41(1):217-220
In “The Train Paradox”(Philosophia (2006) 34: 437–438) Gwiazda proposes the use of the relativity of simultaneity to formulate a new paradox. My purpose here is to show that there is no Train Paradox in Gwiazda’s sense. 相似文献
188.
Tapp J Ticha R Kryzer E Gustafson M Gunnar MR Symons FJ 《Behavior research methods》2006,38(1):165-169
In this article, we describe the Interval Manager (INTMAN) software system for collecting timesampled observational data and
present a preliminary application comparing the program with a traditional paper-and-pencil method. INTMAN is a computer-assisted
alternative to traditional paper-and-pencil methods for collecting fixed interval time-sampled observational data. The INTMAN
data collection software runs on Pocket PC handheld computers and includes a desktop application for Microsoft Windows that
is used for data analysis. Standard analysis options include modified frequencies, percent of intervals, conditional probabilities,
and kappa agreement matrices and values. INTMAN and a standardized paper-and-pencil method were compared under identical conditions
on five dimensions: setup time, duration of data entry, duration of interobserver agreement calculations, accuracy, and cost.
Overall, the computer-assisted program was a more efficient and accurate data collection system for time-sampled data than
the traditional method. 相似文献
189.
Across three experiments, participants made speeded elevation discrimination responses to vibrotactile targets presented to
the thumb (held in a lower position) or the index finger (upper position) of either hand, while simultaneously trying to ignore
visual distractors presented independently from either the same or a different elevation. Performance on the vibrotactile
elevation discrimination task was slower and less accurate when the visual distractor was incongruent with the elevation of
the vibrotactile target (e.g., a lower light during the presentation of an upper vibrotactile target to the index finger) than when they were congruent, showing that people cannot completely ignore vision
when selectively attending to vibrotactile information. We investigated the attentional, temporal, and spatial modulation
of these cross-modal congruency effects by manipulating the direction of endogenous tactile spatial attention, the stimulus
onset asynchrony between target and distractor, and the spatial separation between the vibrotactile target, any visual distractors,
and the participant’s two hands within and across hemifields. Our results provide new insights into the spatiotemporal modulation
of crossmodal congruency effects and highlight the utility of this paradigm for investigating the contributions of visual,
tactile, and proprioceptive inputs to the multisensory representation of peripersonal space. 相似文献
190.
Elements of a contour are often easier to detect when they possess collinearity, with their local orientations matching the global orientation of the contour. We recently reported attentional modulation of such lateral interactions between a central near-threshold target Gabor patch and flanking high-contrast patches (Freeman et al, 2001 Nature Neuroscience 4 1032-1036). Here, we examined whether such attentional effects reflect specific modulation of mechanisms sensitive to collinear configurations, or instead more general modulation of sensitivity to either the global or local orientation-components of the stimulus. Thresholds for detecting a central Gabor target were measured, while observers also judged the Vernier alignment between one pair of flankers and ignored a second flanker pair (when present). Target contrast-thresholds were facilitated only when attending collinear flankers. There was no facilitation when attending flankers that shared only local orientation with the target, or flankers that fell on a global axis aligned with target orientation but having orthogonal local orientation. Ignored collinear flankers had no effect on target thresholds. These results demonstrate strong and specific attentional modulation of contour-integration mechanisms in early vision sensitive to collinear configurations. 相似文献