发育性髋关节脱位患者复位后固定方法的演变

发育性髋关节脱位是小儿骨科常见病之一,要想使其获得理想的治疗,必须做到早发现、早诊断、早治疗。髋关节复位后的固定方法随着临床实践在不断更新,使手术治疗效果有了明显的进步,其间包含以下哲学观点：（1）事物需要从实践中认识,认识需要过程。（2）外固定器治疗具有普遍性和特殊性,选择适合个体的,达到最优效果。     

双气囊小肠镜在小肠相关疾病中的应用进展

小肠及其相关疾病在所有消化道疾病中占有重要地位,对小肠及其相关疾病的诊疗一直存在相当大的困难,常规的内镜检查和治疗方法无法准确诊断和治疗小肠及其相关疾病,例如不明原因消化道出血,小肠肿瘤,胆胰管疾病等。双气囊小肠镜的出现为小肠及其相关疾病的诊疗提供一种全新的方法,内镜下进行小肠疾病治疗,例如小肠出血的止血、息肉的切除、肠腔狭窄扩张等,及各种相关的新技术、新方法层出不穷。本文就对双气囊小肠镜的应用前景和诊疗新进展做一综述。     

潜在锚定效应的加工机制初探

潜在锚定效应指的是阈限下的启动锚定数字导致的锚定效应现象.本研究探讨了潜在锚定效应的产生机制.采用2(潜在锚类型:高锚vs低锚)×2(词汇类型:夏天vs冬天)混合设计.结果发现,在潜在高锚情况下,夏天词汇的反应时(M=745.50)显著快于冬天词汇的反应时;在潜在低锚情况下,冬天词汇的反应时(M=697.47)显著快于夏天词汇的反应时.即被试对与启动锚定数字信息一致的词汇判断的反应时比不一致的更快.研究结果表明,潜在锚定效应的产生是由于锚定数字内部命题属性被激活导致的.     

Thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness: construct validity and psychometric properties of the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire

The present study examined the psychometric properties and construct validity of scores derived from the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ) using latent variable modeling with 5 independent samples varying in age and level of psychopathology. The INQ was derived from the interpersonal theory of suicide and was developed to measure thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness-both proximal causes of desire for suicide. Results support that thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness are distinct but related constructs and that they can be reliably measured. Further, multiple-group analyses were consistent with invariance for young versus older adults and nonclinical versus clinical populations, thereby supporting the relevance of these constructs to diverse populations. Finally, both constructs demonstrated convergent associations with related interpersonal constructs-including loneliness and social support for belongingness and social worth and death ideation for burdensomeness--as well as prospective associations with suicidal ideation.     

信任倾向和面孔可信度对小学儿童信任判断的影响

该研究考察了7、9、11岁小学儿童对陌生人信任判断的发展特点,以及信任方的信任倾向和被信任方的面孔可信度在儿童信任判断中的作用特点及其发展特征。结果发现：（1）7、9、11岁小学儿童基于面孔对陌生他人进行的信任判断中,9、11岁儿童的信任水平要高于7岁儿童;（2）在信任判断中,陌生交往者的面孔可信度对7、9和11岁儿童的信任判断都具有显著的影响作用,即相对于具有不可信面孔的陌生人,儿童更愿意相信具有可信面孔的陌生人;此外,信任倾向对于信任判断的影响作用则存在一定的年龄间差异,7岁儿童的信任倾向对信任判断无影响,9和11岁儿童的信任倾向正向预测儿童对陌生人的信任水平,即相对于信任倾向低的儿童,信任倾向高的儿童对陌生人的信任水平也越高;（3）被信任方的面孔可信度在小学儿童信任判断中的影响作用要大于儿童自身的信任倾向的影响作用。这些结果表明儿童对他人的信任水平随着年龄的增长而提高;对于陌生人,小学儿童主要依据被信任方相关的可信特征线索做出相应的信任判断。     

Specific Psychosocial Issues of Individuals Undergoing Genetic Counseling for Cancer – A Literature Review

Approximately 25 % of individuals undergoing genetic counseling for cancer experiences clinically relevant levels of distress, anxiety and/or depression. However, these general psychological outcomes that are used in many studies do not provide detailed information on the specific psychosocial problems experienced by counselees. The aim of this review was to investigate the specific psychosocial issues encountered by individuals undergoing genetic counseling for cancer, and to identify overarching themes across these issues. A literature search was performed, using four electronic databases (PubMed, PsychInfo, CINAHL and Embase). Papers published between January 2000 and January 2013 were selected using combinations, and related indexing terms of the keywords: ‘genetic counseling’, ‘psychology’ and ‘cancer’. In total, 25 articles met our inclusion criteria. We identified the specific issues addressed by these papers, and used meta-ethnography to identify the following six overarching themes: coping with cancer risk, practical issues, family issues, children-related issues, living with cancer, and emotions. A large overlap in the specific issues and themes was found between these studies, suggesting that research on specific psychosocial problems within genetic counseling has reached a point of saturation. As a next step, efforts should be made to detect and monitor these problems of counselees at an early stage within the genetic counseling process.     

内镜下经鼻蝶入路垂体腺瘤切除术的临床研究

探讨内镜下经鼻蝶入路垂体腺瘤切除术的临床疗效及并发症的防治措施.回顾性分析我科210例行单鼻孔经鼻蝶入路垂体腺瘤切除术患者的临床资料：男106例,女104例;无功能腺瘤150例,功能性垂体腺瘤60例.存在假包膜的肿瘤行包膜外切除,术后随访3个月～32个月.结果肿瘤全切170例,次全切除5例,大部及部分切除35例.术后尿崩63例（30.0％）,激素水平低下25例（11.9％）,脑脊液鼻漏4例（1.9％）,颅内感染4例（1.9％）,鼻出血2例（0.9％）,视力下降1例（0.5％）,死亡1例（0.5％）.截止随访结束：垂体功能低下18例（8.5％）,永久性尿崩2例（0.9％）,无肿瘤复发.对鞍区解剖结构的熟悉及娴熟的内镜技术有助于安全有效的切除垂体腺瘤,减少并发症发生.     

未婚精神分裂症住院患者父母控制感的质性研究

子女罹患精神分裂症对父母是巨大的冲击,本研究采用解释现象学研究方法,对武汉市某精神卫生中心病房住院治疗的6例未婚精神分裂症患者的父母进行深入访谈、现场录音和笔录,并分析资料。结果显示未婚精神分裂症患者住院期间控制感是父母的核心情绪体验,当失去控制感时,家属会体验到恐惧、焦虑、愤怒、自责,乃至抑郁,而当具有控制感时,家属则会体验到放松。提示专业人员在临床工作中需要考虑增强患者家属的控制感,这样可以促进家属的参与性,乃至增加患者的依从性。     

An Examination of the Relationship Between Parent Language and Child Anxiety

Research suggests that parents of anxious children behave differently when interacting with their children than do parents of nonanxious children. However, the relationship between parent language use in this context and child anxiety remains unclear. The present study investigates how parent language use relates to child anxiety during parent–child interactions using a community sample recruited to participate in a study of familial anxiety. Results indicate that parent language use varies in relation to child anxiety. Further, this idiosyncratic pattern of parent linguistic activity uniquely predicts child anxiety diagnostic status. Implications of this study and future directions for research are discussed.