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Torsional eye movements are triggered by head tilt and a rotating visual field. We examined whether attention to a misoriented
form could also induce torsion. Thirty-six observers viewed an adapting field containing a bright vertical Une, and then they
viewed a display that was composed of two misoriented words (one rotated clockwise, the other counterclockwise, by 15°, 30°,
or 45°). The subjects were instructed to attend to one of the words. The subjects’ adjustments of a reference line to match
the tilt of the afterimage showed that attention to a misoriented word produces torsional eye movement (verified with direct
measurements on 4 additional subjects). This eye movement reduces the retinal misorientation of the word by about 1°. The
results of this study reinforce the linkage between selective attention and eye movements and may provide a useful tool for
dissecting different forms of “mental rotation” and other adjustments in internal reference frames. Apparent-motion displays
confirming that the eye rotated in the head may be downloaded from www.psychonomic.org/archive. 相似文献
997.
The “prawn-in-the-tube” procedure in the cuttlefish: Habituation or passive avoidance learning? 下载免费PDF全文
Agin V Chichery R Dickel L Chichery MP 《Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)》2006,13(1):97-101
This study examines whether or not habituation contributes to the regulation of the inhibition of predatory behavior observed during the "prawn-in-the-tube" training procedure. When presented with prawns that are visible behind glass but untouchable, cuttlefish promptly learn to inhibit their capture attempts. The first three experiments demonstrated that the acquired response in the course of training cannot be dishabituated. The fourth experiment demonstrated that the repeated application of a brief visual prawn stimulus, one that is terminated before the cuttlefish can strike, decreases attack latencies. Taken together, the results of this study establish that habituation does not play a significant role in this learning task. In fact, the present findings strengthen the results of previous studies suggesting that passive avoidance learning contributes to the regulation of the inhibition of predatory behavior. 相似文献
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Previous studies on visual working memory (VWM) have primarily investigated memory for an array presented for a single moment.
Here, we examined VWM for two arrays separated by a 1,100-msec interval. We focused on the allocation of VWM capacity to the
two arrays as a function of dynamic events inserted between them. During the interval, irrelevant dots moved to form three
types of motion: (1) coherent (apparent) motion that connected Arrays 1 and 2, (2) jumpy motion, or (3) coherent motion with
two disconnected segments. Results showed that VWM for Array 2’s locations was better than for Array 1’s, especially when
the arrays were connected by coherent motion. We suggest that coherent motion between two temporally disparate arrays connects
the arrays into a single visual event VWM is then biased toward remembering the more recent state of the event. 相似文献
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Agin V Poirier R Chichery R Dickel L Chichery MP 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2006,86(3):264-269
The inhibition of predatory behavior observed during the "prawn-in-the-tube" procedure has been extensively used in studies of cuttlefish learning. The present study examines the effect of age on the conditioning of this response in the cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis. Data show that a significant increase in acquisition performance occurs between 15 and 21 days of age. The retention curves in 8- and 15-day-old cuttlefish show a monotonic memory process, presumably reflecting the presence of only short-term memory. In 21-day-old cuttlefish, there are two distinct processes which could be a labile short-term memory, and a subsequent intermediate memory. These mnesic systems seem to become more effective over the course of post-embryonic development. Moreover, the retention curves obtained in the oldest cuttlefish (30- and 90-day-old) bear a close resemblance to that observed in adults. These behavioral findings will allow further work on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of learning and memory in the cuttlefish. 相似文献
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Parker JF Bahrick LE Fivush R Johnson P 《Journal of experimental psychology. Applied》2006,12(3):142-154
The effects of stress on mothers' recall for a major hurricane were studied. Stress was objectively defined as low, moderate, or high according to the severity of home damage. This study of 96 mothers was conducted concurrently with L. E. Bahrick, J. F. Parker, R. Fivush, and M. Levitt (1998), allowing the authors to compare child and adult recall as a function of the same stressor. There was a quadratic relationship between storm severity and total recall for adults, similar to their children. Mothers' recall increased from low to moderate severity, but recall at moderate severity did not differ from high severity. These findings help clarify the effects of stress on the amount and type of information adults recall in retrospective accounts of naturalistic, temporally extended events. 相似文献