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891.
Between 1993 and 2002, 39 clinical trial staff were investigated for scientific misconduct by the Office of Research Integrity
(ORI). Analysis of ORI case records reveals practices regarding workload, training and supervision that enable misconduct.
Considering the potential effects on human subjects protection, quality and reliability of data, and the trustworthiness of
the clinical research enterprise, regulations or guidance on use of clinical trial staff ought to be available. Current ORI
regulations do not hold investigators or institutions responsible for supervision and training of clinical trial staff. Given
the important issues at stake, the definition of research misconduct should encompass the intentional or negligent mismanagement
of scientific projects. Individual institutions and professional associations not only can but should adopt stricter standards
of conduct than those reflected in federal regulations. 相似文献
892.
Michele L. Ybarra MPH PhD Jennifer Langhinrichsen-Rohling PhD 《Aggressive behavior》2019,45(6):622-634
Attitudes about violence and sex in dating relationships were related to psychological, physical, and sexual teen dating abuse perpetration and victimization. Data from Wave 4 of the national, randomly selected, Growing up with Media cohort (n = 876 adolescents aged 14-19 years), collected in 2011, were analyzed. Dating youth perceived more peer pressure to have sex and were more accepting of sex in brief or nonmarital relationships than pre-dating youth. Boys had higher levels of rape-supportive attitudes than girls. Among dating youth, the relative odds of involvement in teen dating abuse as a perpetrator or a victim were generally associated with greater acceptance of relationship violence, perceived peer pressure to have sex, and acceptance of sex in brief and/or nonmarital relationships. Rape-supportive attitudes were not significantly associated with any type of teen dating abuse involvement. Programs aimed at preventing dating abuse might benefit from targeting attitudes associated with sexual activity as well as relationship violence. 相似文献
893.
Elias Ghossoub MD MSc Salim M. Adib MD PhD Fadi T. Maalouf MD Ghada E.-H. Fuleihan MD MPH Hani Tamim PhD Ziad Nahas MD MSCR 《Aggressive behavior》2019,45(6):652-661
Our study's objective is to determine whether substance use disorders’ association with aggression differs according to the type of substance and/or the form of aggression, within the same population. We used data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health across 2008–2014, with a pooled sample of 270,227 adult respondents. We used regression models to estimate the odds ratios for those having alcohol and/or drug use disorder(s) perpetrating (a) each form of aggression compared with no aggression and (b) other-directed compared with self-directed aggression. Alcohol use disorder alone and drug use disorder(s) alone were both associated with significantly increased odds of committing self-directed, other-directed, and combined aggression. Individuals with drug use disorder(s) alone were more likely to commit other-directed than self-directed aggression (adjusted odds ratio = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.04–2.05). Individuals with alcohol use disorder alone were not likely to commit one over the other (adjusted odds ratio = 1.20, 95% CI = 0.90–1.61). In conclusion, the integrated model of aggression based on the stress–diathesis model is a relevant framework to study risk factors for aggression. Further research is needed to identify longitudinal predictors of directionality of aggression. 相似文献
894.
895.
Adam G. Horwitz Ewa K. Czyz Johnny Berona Cheryl A. King 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2019,49(4):1085-1093
896.
Johnny Brennan 《European Journal of Philosophy》2019,27(1):211-226
J. M. Bernstein argues that to capture the depths of the harm of torture, we need to do away with the idea that we possess intrinsic and inviolable worth. If personhood is inviolable, then torture can inflict only apparent harm on our standing as persons. Bernstein claims that torture is a paradigm of moral injury because it causes what he calls “devastation”: The victim experiences an actual degradation of his or her personhood. Bernstein argues that our value is given to us through mutual recognition and hence can be lost. In this paper, I argue that if our human value can be lost, then it first must be built up. If it must be built up, then the question of our status before the building begins must be answered. Bernstein faces a problem of human beings who fall outside relations of mutual recognition and hence are valueless. His best option for answering this problem is to point to the centrality of the body in his account of recognition, but doing so reveals a notion of intrinsic worth implicit in his account. I call for a revision of Bernstein's account that can hold on to devastation without eschewing intrinsic worth. 相似文献
897.
898.
Kai‐Cheng Huang MD Dong‐Sheng Tzeng MD PhD Chi‐Hung Lin MD Wei‐Ching Chung MPH PhD 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2017,47(5):603-611
This case–control study enrolled 226 maladjusted soldiers and 229 controls to investigate the impact of the interpersonal–psychological theory of suicide, alexithymia, personality, and childhood trauma on suicide risk among Taiwanese soldiers. Assessments included the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, Eysenck Personality Inventory, Mini‐International Neuropsychiatric Interview, and Brief Symptom Rating Scale. In addition to thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness, other risks included less extraversion with higher neuroticism, higher alexithymia, poor academic performance, domestic violence, and life‐threatening events. Our study demonstrates the interaction of the interpersonal–psychological theory and other suicide risk factors in Taiwanese soldiers. 相似文献
899.
Robert J. Ursano MD Ronald C. Kessler PhD Murray B. Stein MD MPH James A. Naifeh PhD Matthew K. Nock PhD Pablo A. Aliaga MS Carol S. Fullerton PhD Gary H. Wynn MD Tsz Hin Hinz Ng MPH Hieu M. Dinh BS Nancy A. Sampson BA Tzu‐Cheg Kao PhD Michael Schoenbaum PhD James E. McCarroll PhD MPH Kenneth L. Cox MD MPH Steven G. Heeringa PhD the Army STARRS collaborators 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2017,47(5):612-628
We used administrative data to examine predictors of medically documented suicide ideation (SI) among Regular Army soldiers from 2006 through 2009 (N = 10,466 ideators, 124,959 control person‐months). Enlisted ideators (97.8% of all cases) were more likely than controls to be female, younger, older when entering service, less educated, never or previously deployed, and have a recent mental health diagnosis. Officer ideators were more likely than controls to be female, younger, younger when entering service, never married, and have a recent mental health diagnosis. Risk among enlisted soldiers peaked in the second month of service and declined steadily, whereas risk among officers remained relatively stable over time. Risk of SI is highest among enlisted soldiers early in Army service, females, and those with a recent mental health diagnosis. 相似文献
900.
Stephanie M. Pennings MA Joseph Finn MA Claire Houtsma BS Bradley A. Green PhD Michael D. Anestis PhD 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2017,47(5):538-550
Prior studies examining posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom clusters and the components of the interpersonal theory of suicide (ITS) have yielded mixed results, likely stemming in part from the use of divergent samples and measurement techniques. This study aimed to expand on these findings by utilizing a large military sample, gold standard ITS measures, and multiple PTSD factor structures. Utilizing a sample of 935 military personnel, hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to test the association between PTSD symptom clusters and the ITS variables. Additionally, we tested for indirect effects of PTSD symptom clusters on suicidal ideation through thwarted belongingness, conditional on levels of perceived burdensomeness. Results indicated that numbing symptoms are positively associated with both perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness and hyperarousal symptoms (dysphoric arousal in the 5‐factor model) are positively associated with thwarted belongingness. Results also indicated that hyperarousal symptoms (anxious arousal in the 5‐factor model) were positively associated with fearlessness about death. The positive association between PTSD symptom clusters and suicidal ideation was inconsistent and modest, with mixed support for the ITS model. Overall, these results provide further clarity regarding the association between specific PTSD symptom clusters and suicide risk factors. 相似文献