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921.
F. E. Butler 《Behavior research methods》1980,12(2):152-154
MicroSKED has transferred the assets of SKED to a microprocessor. Designed around the 6502 microprocessor, MicroSKED contains an editor, compiler, and run-time system. The basic system has 512 words of user memory, 124 inputs, 4 outputs, a time-of-day clock, a keyboard, and a display. The projected cost of the system is $300. The system may be expanded. Differences between SKED and MicroSKED are examined. 相似文献
922.
A simple laboratory computer system based on a Digital Equipment Corporation LSI-11, floppy disk, DRV11 parallel input-output board, and the RT-11 operating system is described. Interface to experimental devices is provided through a lab-built relay driver and relay closure sensing interface. An extensive high-level software package provides an easy-to-use control language (e.g., stimuli can be controlled with a simple “TURN ON” or “TURN OFF” instruction) and easy-to-use FORTRAN subroutines for data exploration (e.g., “IFIND” searches a data file for a particular event). The control software automatically generates, codes, and stores a complete log of every input and output event and its time of occurrence in each of five simultaneously running experiments. This provides the capability to reanalyze data in light of hypotheses not available when the experiment was designed. The FORTRAN subroutine library for data exploration provides a conditional and iterative search facility to sift out events or sets of events from the data file for analysis. Standard FORTRAN statements perform arithmetic operations on the resulting data. 相似文献
923.
Andrew F. Bambrick 《Contemporary Family Therapy》1980,2(2):99-105
Science asks that a theory state its basic terms and operations with economy and precision. Twenty-two terms and operations of Zuk's Go-Between Process are defined. It is desirable in science also to carefully distinguish among related theories. Go-Between Process and Structural-Strategic Family Therapy are related theories, and differences are described. 相似文献
924.
Robert M. Gleeson Michael G. Dragunow Neil F. Kirton John W. Villiger Douglas L. Chute 《Behavior research methods》1980,12(3):346-348
Special difficulties are encountered when attempting to provide intracranial cannulation of small animals that have floating or fragile skull bones. The technique described was developed for mice but seems applicable to other species. The cannula system is inexpensive and easy to use. A wound clip anchor seems superior to either skull screws or bonded acrylic, producing less damage to the brain and no necrosis of bone or tissue on the wound margin. Patency data up to 25 days is presented, and the system is as efficacious as other techniques. 相似文献
925.
Frederick V. Malmstrom Robert J. Randle John S. Bendix Robert J. Weber 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1980,28(5):440-448
Concurrent mental activity seems to be a significant, nonvisual factor affecting the human accommodation response. Two experiments were conducted to determine the direction and magnitude of this accommodation response. Experiment 1 employed a concurrent, written backwards counting task. Experiment 2 employed a concurrent, mental imagery task of “thinking near” and “thinking far.” In both experiments, the concurrent secondary task effected a cumulative accommodative shift toward the visual far point of from .25 to .75 diopter away from a near (3.0 diopter) target. This accommodative shift was observed only in the presence of a stimulus field and not in open-loop (analogous to empty-field) conditions. In addition, a long-term instability in the open-loop method of obtaining the dark focus was observed. Similarities between this accommodative shift and the pupillary response are noted. The accommodation response is discussed in relationship to both an attention-sharing and an involuntary autonomic response model. 相似文献
926.
Developments in television technology have made possible new approaches to the study of the role of visual feedback in motor control. In two experiments using a special videodisc recording and playback system, the effects of delaying for 66 msec a subject's view of his own hand during a target-directed movement was investigated. The observed effects of such visually delayed feedback compared to spatially distorted feedback produced by prisms led to three major conclusions: (a) despite the behavioral similarity (overshooting) induced by the two kinds of altered feedback, the role of each in the visual-motor control loop is different; (b) adaptation to and the after effect of the two kinds of altered feedback are based on different control mechanisms (c) the processing and use of visual information in hand control requires less time than previous experiments have indicated. 相似文献
927.
John L. Barger 《The Journal of value inquiry》1980,14(2):77-91
Conclusion The above arguments have not conclusively demonstrated the existence of value; nor have they sought to. Rather, they have focused primarily on value-language itself: what it is, what it means, and how men use it. In value-judgements, men intend to speak about reality, and not merely to manifest their feelings to influence others. The conceptual character of value-words gives them a formal objectivity lacking in mere manifestations of feeling; the meaning of value-words contains a claim to objectivity arising from the ontological claim to objectivity of value itself.These facts demonstrate conclusively that value-language differs essentially from emotive manifestations of feeling. Therefore, and in contradiction to both Ayer and Stevenson, even the most abstract of value-words can be used to form legitimate, conceptually meaningful value-judgements. As judgements, value-judgements can be true or false, not because of any factual content, but specifically as conceptually meaningful, pure value-judgements.I have deliberately restricted these investigations to consideration of language, without seriously arguing the ontology of value itself. Thereby, I have met the emotivists on their own ground. Even without demonstrating the existence of value, I have shown their analysis of value-language to be flawed. Further, I have identified a unique claim to objectivity in value-language which argues strongly in favor of the real existence of value as its ultimate foundation.For the simplest, most obvious explanation of this claim to objectivity is that it refers to value, which actually exists. That proof is logically the next step in my argument. A good place to begin would be a more careful, detailed analysis of the structure of human responses such as admiration, love, enthusiasm, etc., seeking to determine what they ontologically presuppose.
Proof of the real existence of value would demonstrate the ontological grounds for the claim to objectivity of value-language. It would show that value-language is rooted in the real world, speaking of reality as it is. This would be the last, and most important sense in which value-language is meaningful and objective.
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928.
929.
930.
John E. Harris 《Memory & cognition》1980,8(1):31-38
In two interview studies subjects were asked what memory aids they used and how often. In particular, the reported frequencies of use of external aids such as shopping lists and memos were compared with those of internal aids that have been investigated by psychologists, such as the method of loci. Subjects in the first study were 15 male and 15 female university students, and in the second, a group of 30 adult women, most of whom were housewives. In both studies the aids reported to be used most were external ones. However, it is pointed out that the most commonly used methods of remembering must be internal, although these are not usually considered to be aids. Some difficulties that arise in the assessment of memory in interview and questionnaire studies are discussed. 相似文献