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141.
142.
M C Rodriguez-Perez F de Vicente-Perez G Gomez-Jarabo Garcia 《Behavioral and neural biology》1992,58(3):165-170
The use of neurological tests in various states of undernutrition has confirmed the presence of delays in reflex ontogeny. Glucocorticoid administration in conditions of normal nutrition produces diminished growth and alterations in brain development similar to those observed in malnutrition, but there is not enough evidence about its effect on reflex development. In addition, some facts lead us to think that the use of permissive doses of these hormones during gestation could alleviate some of the effects of protein malnutrition on the development of pups. In the present study the ages at which certain reflexes appeared in the offspring of Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) fed a 20% (N) or 10% (M) protein diet from a week before conception to the end of lactation were observed. Each dietary group was subdivided into two: mothers receiving a daily injection during gestation either of a 0.9% NaCl (S) solution or of a 0.5 mg/100 g weight hydrocortisone acetate (C) solution. Results showed that the NS group of pups generally presented earlier ages of appearance of the variables under study than the remaining groups. Pups of the NC group presented delays in the age of appearance of reflexes. Finally, protein malnutrition delayed the appearance of reflexes and this effect seemed to be attenuated by treatment with hydrocortisone. Thus, hydrocortisone administration in protein malnutrition conditions seems to be beneficial although the results are harmful when administered under normal nutritional conditions. 相似文献
143.
Fifteen rats performed in a standard radial-arm maze task (Experiment 1) and in a modified task with a set of forced choices and a 15-min retention interval prior to completion of the maze (Experiment 2). In addition to the standard measure of choice in the radial-arm maze, orientation toward arms was measured and considered to constitute go-no-go "microchoice" decisions. Rats investigated but rejected many arms. A model of choice was developed in which it was assumed that choice decisions about arms were made independently and that microchoices were not selectively guided toward baited arms. The model performed nearly as well as the rats. These results place important limitations on the theory that choice behavior in the radial-arm maze is guided by a cognitive map. 相似文献
144.
I am grateful to John Bickle, Jaegwon Kim, Brian McLaughlin, and, most especially, to my colleague, Alfred Mele, for much helpful discussion on the topic of intentional causation. 相似文献
145.
John Foskett 《British Journal of Guidance & Counselling》1992,20(1):39-50
The historical and contemporary context of pastoral care and counselling within the judaeo/Christian tradition is reviewed. Three kinds of pastors who use counselling in their work - Christian, specialist, and generic - are identified and the ethical problems of their positions clarified. The ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice are applied to the counselling work of pastors. Theology's definition of various ethical levels, and the impact of these upon the professional ethics of pastoral carers and counsellors, are explored, and some conclusions for the future drawn. 相似文献
146.
147.
John Duckitt 《Current Psychology》1992,11(4):291-307
Originally it was thought that prejudiced intergroup attitudes were very closely related to negative intergroup behavior.
More recently, empirical studies reveal a weak and inconsistent relationship, that discriminatory intergroup behavior is therefore
largely determined by situational factors, and that it is relatively independent of an individual’s attitudes. A detailed
review of this research, however, suggests that the relationship between prejudice and behavior may be much more consistent
than has been thought. Moreover, although the relationship is usually not very powerful, most research has involved methodological
inadequacies which would have inappropriately depressed it. Finally, it is noted that, for negative intergroup behavior to
be situationally determined, does not exclude a strong relationship between it and prejudiced attitudes. 相似文献
148.
Elders exposed to either progressive or imaginal relaxation procedures reported significant relaxation effects and showed improvement on measures of personal functioning. The results of the Physical Assessment Scale of the Relaxation Inventory indicated that relaxation responses were acquired within and across sessions. Large, consistent changes in relaxation occurred in all 4 sessions. The Symptom Checklist-90-R, which measures self-reported personal adjustment, showed significant positive changes following relaxation training and at 1-month follow-up. Elders who imagined muscle tension release profited as much as those engaged in actual muscle tension-release activities. This finding is of importance for older adults who may experience physical limitations that contraindicate muscle-tension-release procedures. 相似文献
149.
Adult age differences were explored on 3 short tests of the ability to generate and manipulate mental images. Age-related decrements were found in all 3 tests and were especially marked on the Clock Test. The tests are all reliable, as shown by test-retest reliability coefficients. Correlations also revealed that the Brooks Letter Test and the East-West Test appear to tap one common underlying ability, whereas the Clock Test measured a somewhat different ability. The East-West and Clock tests, in particular, may provide rapid and easily administered assessments of age-related changes in aspects of mental imagery. 相似文献
150.
John L. Romano 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》1992,71(2):199-202
The importance of educating students about stress and stress management is emphasized, because students will confront stressors throughout their life span. In this article the author summarizes major stress theories and shows how stress theory and stress management strategies can be integrated into existing school curricula. 相似文献