Interpersonal Relationship Preferences of Educators

The Interpersonal Orientation Scale (IOS) was developed from a theory of interpersonal relationships proposed by Erb and Hooker (in press). The IOS measures general posture toward interpersonal interactions on an altruistic-manipulative axis and assesses preference levels for 5 categories of manipulative techniques. The completed instrument was administered to selected groups of school administrators, teachers, and counselors. All sub-scales except one showed significant differences among the comparison groups. Counselors were most altruistic, then teachers, then administrators. Administrators and teachers indicated higher levels of preference for all manipulative techniques than did counselors. Significant sex differences were noted for teachers on three of the subscales while none were noted for counselors.     

Two types of phenomenal instructions for size and distance judgments of objects presented on a two-dimensional plane

Demand characteristics were studied in a simple situation in which observers made size and distance estimates of stimuli presented on a two-dimensional linear perspective drawing. Half the Ss were asked questions stressing phenomenal report: The other half were asked the same questions preceded by instructions stressing the objective nature of the stimulus configuration but requesting, nonetheless, phenomenal report. Instructions resulted in a significantly greater perspective size illusion but did not affect the distance estimates. No meaningful correlations between size and distance estimates were found.