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841.
MacLullich AM Edmond CL Ferguson KJ Wardlaw JM Starr JM Seckl JR Deary IJ 《Brain and cognition》2004,56(3):344-348
Cerebellar volumes show small positive correlations with cognitive ability in young adults, but no studies have examined this relationship in older adults. Furthermore, no studies have examined relationships between sizes of subareas of the cerebellum and cognitive ability. We hypothesized that size of the two areas of the neocerebellar vermis would correlate with a battery of eight cognitive tests in 50 men aged 65-70. Size of the neocerebellar areas of the vermis correlated positively with several cognitive tests (r's=.29-.37, p<.05), whilst sizes of other parts of the vermis did not correlate with any cognitive tests. Total cerebellar volumes correlated significantly with a test of nonverbal reasoning (r=.030, p=.42). These findings suggest a specific association of neocerebellar vermis size with variations in cognitive ability in older adults. 相似文献
842.
Robertson JA 《The American journal of bioethics : AJOB》2004,4(3):32-3; discussion W23-31
843.
844.
A Web-based family problem-solving intervention for families of children with traumatic brain injury
Shari?L.?WadeEmail author Christopher?R.?Wolfe John?P.?Pestian 《Behavior research methods》2004,36(2):261-269
We developed a Web-based intervention for pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) and examined its feasibility for participants
with limited computer experience. Six families, including parents, siblings, and children with TBI, were given computers,
Web cameras, and high-speed Internet access. Weekly videoconferences with the therapist were conducted after participants
completed on-line interactive experiences on problem solving, communication, and TBI-specific behavior management. Families
were assigned to videoconference with NetMeeting (iBOT cameras) or ViaVideo. Participants ranked the Web site and videoconferences
as moderately to very easy to use. ViaVideo participants rated videoconferencing significantly more favorably relative to
face-to-face meetings than did NetMeeting participants. Both the Web site and videoconferencing were rated as very helpful.
All families demonstrated improved outcomes on one or more target behaviors, including increased understanding of the injury
and improved parent-child relationships. All parents and siblings and all but 1 child with TBI said they would recommend the
program to others. We conclude that a face-to-face intervention can be successfully adapted to the Web for families with varied
computer experience. 相似文献
845.
Amir?AshkenaziEmail author Michael?Fritz John?Buckley Lawrence?E.?Marks 《Behavior research methods》2004,36(1):83-88
We describe a new, open flow device for presenting taste stimuli to human subjects under controlled conditions of timing. The device delivers each stimulus as a mist to the participant’s tongue through one of 16 nozzles attached to a linear slide. Software controls the position of the slide, the duration of the stimulus, and the duration of the pre- and poststimulus water rinses and records the responses of the participant. Temporal characteristics of this system make it especially applicable to studies on the role of attention in taste perception. 相似文献
846.
Body dissatisfaction in married women: the role of spousal influence and marital communication patterns 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Family factors and the media have been established as determinants of body satisfaction, yet little research has looked at the contribution of spousal influence in body dissatisfaction. Marital quality and satisfaction can be a protective factor in the health of women, while high rates of criticism have been associated with poorer health outcomes. The present study investigated the relationship between perceptions of family and spousal factors and body dissatisfaction in married women. Additionally, the impact of marital communication was investigated. Seventy-seven married women completed self-report questionnaires assessing familial body-focused comments, spousal evaluation of a wife’s body, marital communication patterns, and body dissatisfaction. After controlling for weight status, women’s perceptions of familial body-focused comments and spousal evaluation emerged as significant predictors of body dissatisfaction. It was also found that more destructive communication patterns moderated the effect of perceived spousal evaluation on body dissatisfaction. This study provides some context for understanding the impact of specific influences on women’s body dissatisfaction. 相似文献
847.
Rather than viewing anxiety among chronic pain patients as simply a component of negative affectivity, investigators have developed a model of "pain anxiety" in which patients develop fear and avoidance of activity linked to pain. We examined whether pain anxiety can be conceptualized as a specific phobia, or whether evidence supported the notion that pain anxiety is better understood as a manifestation of anxiety sensitivity in the context of chronic pain. Chronic musculoskeletal pain patients (N=70) underwent cold pressor and mental arithmetic tasks while cardiovascular, self-report, and behavior indexes were recorded. They completed measures of pain anxiety, anxiety sensitivity, fear of negative evaluation, depression and trait anxiety. Correlation analyses showed pain anxiety was related to pain-relevant responses during cold pressor, but it was also related to evaluation-relevant responses during cold pressor, and to pain- and evaluation-relevant responses (including subtraction accuracy) during mental arithmetic. Regression analyses showed that almost all effects of pain anxiety on task responses were accounted for by anxiety sensitivity. Fear of negative evaluation, in contrast, correlated only with evaluation-relevant responses, and mostly during mental arithmetic. These effects remained significant when depression, trait anxiety, or anxiety sensitivity were statistically controlled. Pain anxiety may be an expression of anxiety sensitivity rather than a circumscribed phobia; a distinction that could profitably guide treatment strategies. 相似文献
848.
Withdrawal symptoms following cessation of heavy cannabis (marijuana) use have been reported, yet their time course and clinical importance have not been established. A 50-day outpatient study assessed 18 marijuana users during a 5-day smoking-as-usual phase followed by a 45-day abstinence phase. Parallel assessment of 12 ex-users was obtained. A withdrawal pattern was observed for aggression, anger, anxiety, decreased appetite, decreased body weight, irritability, restlessness, shakiness, sleep problems, and stomach pain. Onset typically occurred between Days 1-3, peak effects between Days 2-6, and most effects lasted 4-14 days. The magnitude and time course of these effects appeared comparable to tobacco and other withdrawal syndromes. These effects likely contribute to the development of dependence and difficulty stopping use. Criteria for cannabis withdrawal are proposed. 相似文献
849.
Latent growth curve analyses of accelerating decline in cognitive abilities in late adulthood 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Latent growth models were applied to data from the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging to discover if the rate of change in cognitive performance increased from middle age to later adulthood. The sample included 590 participants aged 44 to 88 years at first measurement. Data were gathered at 2 follow-up occasions at intervals of 3 years. Cognitive ability was assessed through 11 tests that tapped crystallized, fluid, memory, and spatial abilities and perceptual speed. Results indicated stability for measures of crystallized ability, linear age changes for many cognitive abilities, and a significant acceleration in linear decline after age 65 for measures with a large speed component. Gender differences were found only in mean level, not in rate of decline. 相似文献
850.
Functional analysis and treatment of self-injurious behavior in young children a summary of 30 cases
Kurtz PF Chin MD Huete JM Tarbox RS O'Connor JT Paclawskyj TR Rush KS 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2003,36(2):205-219
The assessment and treatment of self-injurious behavior (SIB) has received much attention in the literature; however, few studies have focused on early intervention for this behavior. In the current study, functional analyses with developmentally appropriate modifications were conducted in an outpatient clinic with 30 children (aged 10 months to 4 years 11 months) to assess SIB and problem behavior in its early stages. The reported mean age of SIB onset was 17 months, and head banging was the most prevalent topography. Functional analyses identified sources of reinforcement for SIB in 62.1% of cases; with the inclusion of all forms of problem behavior, sources of reinforcement were identified for 87.5% of cases. Function-based treatments were developed for 24 cases, with functional communication training prescribed most often (70.8% of cases). Implications of these findings for the development of early intervention programs for SIB are discussed. 相似文献