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981.
Monica Hartzell Jaakko Seikkula Anne-Liis von Knorring 《Contemporary Family Therapy》2010,32(3):273-289
Parents who came with their child to Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (CAP) for the first time were interviewed 1–2 weeks afterwards
in the presence of the child and the therapists. In a grounded theory analysis they revealed uncertainty about their role
in the first meeting as well as of future planning. What had been important to them were aspects like communication, sharing
perspectives, and the reformulation of problems. 相似文献
982.
Riem Spielhaus 《Contemporary Islam》2010,4(1):11-27
This article focuses on the ways in which Muslims actively participate in media debates about Islam and Muslims in Germany,
and how they challenge or reinforce representations of themselves. It questions the narrative of powerlessness versus dominant
actors in media and politics. Even though they were already perceived as part of a Muslim community, several prominent individuals
in the German cultural and political sphere took an explicit position as Muslims—some insisting on their distance to religion.
This paper aims at describing the various reasons and reflections accompanying this decision and argues that media images
of Muslims steered individuals, who are not members of Islamic organizations let alone representatives of them, to become
active or change their self-representation and act as Muslims. By demanding recognition as active members of German society,
prominent Muslim individuals are creating new images of Muslims beyond an imaginary that is reducing them to their (alleged)
religiosity and positioning them outside German national identity. 相似文献
983.
Joseph A. Baltimore 《Synthese》2010,175(2):151-168
Jaegwon Kim’s supervenience/exclusion argument attempts to show that non-reductive physicalism is incompatible with mental
causation. This influential argument can be seen as relying on the following principle, which I call “the piggyback principle”:
If, with respect to an effect, E, an instance of a supervenient property, A, has no causal powers over and above, or in addition
to, those had by its supervenience base, B, then the instance of A does not cause E (unless A is identical with B). In their
“Epiphenomenalism: The Dos and the Don’ts,” Larry Shapiro and Elliott Sober employ a novel empirical approach to challenge
the piggyback principle. Their empirical approach pulls from the experiments of August Weismann regarding the inheritance
of acquired characteristics. Through an examination of Weismann’s experiments, Shapiro and Sober extract lessons in reasoning
about the epiphenomenalism of a property. And according to these empirically drawn lessons, the piggyback principle is a don’t.
My primary aim in this paper is to defend the piggyback principle against Shapiro and Sober’s empirical approach. 相似文献
984.
John K. Roth 《International Journal for Philosophy of Religion》2010,68(1-3):31-42
Philosophers of religion have written a great deal about “the problem of evil.” Their reflections, however, have not concentrated, at least not extensively or sufficiently, on the particularities of evil that manifest themselves in genocide. Concentrating on some of those particularities, this essay reflects on genocide, which has sometimes been called the crime of crimes, to raise questions such as: how should genocide affect the philosophy of religion and what might philosophers of religion contribute to help check that crime against humanity? 相似文献
985.
In this communication, some issues related to the old but still open question, on how far the development of cognitive processing in artificial machines can go, are discussed. A selected gallery of images derived from laboratory experiments are presented. The incompleteness of the gallery is as that in the definition of what we mean as cognitive processing. 相似文献
986.
The purpose of this experiment is to test whether shift flexibility in kindergarten children is a joint function of rule‐usage and inhibition of attention. Sixty‐six children were given either a distraction or facilitation condition in a computerized version of the dimensional change card sort task. In the distraction condition, the background of the post‐shift matching stimulus was inconsistent with the relevant matching dimension. In the facilitation condition, the background of the post‐shift matching stimulus was consistent with the relevant matching dimension. Results revealed that children made few errors in the standard version of the shift task, thereby supporting Cognitive complexity and control theory's contention that 5‐year‐old children shift easily across dimensions due to their use of higher‐order setting rules to solve contradictions. The proportion of errors increased however in the distraction condition suggesting that attention to the background interfered with children's ability to shift between dimensions. Therefore, these data provide evidence that refocusing attention to dimensions along with rule‐use processes affect shift flexibility and argue for the inclusion of both factors into theoretical accounts of shift performance. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
987.
Don Nielsen Sigurdur O. Sigurdsson John Austin 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2009,42(3):551-561
This study evaluated video scoring and feedback about scoring as a safety intervention among 6 nursing staff. The dependent variable was safety behavior on one‐person transfers. Following baseline, 5 nursing staff participated in an information phase. A video scoring phase was then introduced for all 6. A feedback phase was added for 2 participants. All participants experienced treatment withdrawal. Information resulted in improvements for all 5 participants who received it. Further improvements were observed during video scoring for the 5 participants who improved following information. No improvements were observed for the participant who received only video scoring. Safety feedback further improved safety for the 2 participants who received it. However, participants' behavior returned to video scoring levels during withdrawal. 相似文献
988.
Georg H. Eifert John P. Forsyth Joanna Arch Emmanuel Espejo Melody Keller David Langer 《Cognitive and behavioral practice》2009,16(4):368-385
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is an innovative acceptance-based behavior therapy that has been applied broadly and successfully to treat a variety of clinical problems, including the anxiety disorders. Throughout treatment ACT balances acceptance and mindfulness processes with commitment and behavior change processes. As applied to anxiety disorders, ACT seeks to undermine excessive struggle with anxiety and experiential avoidance––attempts to down-regulate and control unwanted private events (thoughts, images, bodily sensations). The goal is to foster more flexible and mindful ways of relating to anxiety so individuals can pursue life goals important to them. This article describes in some detail a unified ACT protocol that can be adapted for use with persons presenting with any of the major anxiety disorders. To exemplify this approach, we present pre- and posttreatment data from three individuals with different anxiety disorders who underwent treatment over a 12-week period. The results showed positive pre- to posttreatment changes in ACT-relevant process measures (e.g., reductions in experiential avoidance, increases in acceptance and mindfulness skills), increases in quality of life, as well as significant reductions in traditional anxiety and distress measures. All three clients reported maintaining or improving on their posttreatment level of functioning. 相似文献
989.
Amanda Christine Wallace Rae Jean Proeschold-Bell Sara LeGrand John James Robin Swift David Toole Matthew Toth 《Pastoral Psychology》2012,61(1):113-143
The health of clergy is important, and clergy may find health programming tailored to them more effective. Little is known
about existing clergy health programs. We contacted Protestant denominational headquarters and searched academic databases
and the Internet. We identified 56 clergy health programs and categorized them into prevention and personal enrichment; counseling;
marriage and family enrichment; peer support; congregational health; congregational effectiveness; denominational enrichment;
insurance/strategic pension plans; and referral-based programs. Only 13 of the programs engaged in outcomes evaluation. Using
the Socioecological Framework, we found that many programs support individual-level and institutional-level changes, but few
programs support congregational-level changes. Outcome evaluation strategies and a central repository for information on clergy
health programs are needed. 相似文献
990.
Visuomotor sequence learning requires participants to learn a two-fold process of learning the correct visuomotor transformation
(spatial or arbitrary rules) and learning the correct order of performing the sequence. A motor sequence is performed with
a specific timing pattern by grouping a number of elementary movements into chunks. The present research extends previous
findings examining whether chunking phenomenon is observable for visuo-motor sequences with arbitrary transformations in addition
to spatially defined targets. This research tests for dominant chunking patterns and individual variability. 相似文献