Ein Situierter Künstlicher Kommunikator für Konstruktionsaufgaben

A Situated Artificial Communicator for Assembly Tasks Summary. In this article we describe a Situated Artificial Communicator for assembly tasks. The main components of the system we are developing are a speech understanding module and a two-arm-robot module. The robot system can be instructed using spontaneous speech. The speech understanding module is based on Combinatory Categorial Grammar, which makes incremental and interactive speech understanding possible. The robot module is provided with multiple sensors and it masters complex assembly operations like peg-in-hole or screwing a nut into a bolt. The architecture and the underlying cognitive principles enable interactive processing that depends on the actual situation and allows the system to take advantage of redundant items of information. Due to these principles our Situated Artificial Communicator is highly robust. Zusammenfassung. In diesem Beitrag stellen wir einen Situierten Künstlichen Kommunikator vor, im vorliegenden Fall ein Robotersystem für Konstruktionsaufgaben. Das Robotersystem kann durch spontansprachliche Anweisungen gesteuert werden. Die Hauptkomponenten des Systems sind eine Sprachverstehenskomponente und eine Zwei-Arm-Roboterkomponente. Die Sprachverstehenskomponente basiert auf der Combinatory Categorial Grammar und ermöglicht eine inkrementelle und interaktive Sprachverarbeitung. Die Roboterkomponente verfügt über eine Vielzahl von Sensoren und beherrscht Montageoperationen wie Stecken und Schrauben. Durch die gewählte Architektur und die zugrundegelegten kognitiven Verarbeitungsprinzipien können Teilkomponenten des Systems der aktuellen Situation entsprechend interagieren und Informationsredundanz nutzen. Das System erhält dadurch eine hohe Robustheit.     

SCRIPTKELL: A tool for measuring cognitive effort and time processing in writing and other complex cognitive activities

We present SCRIPTKELL, a computer-assisted experimental tool that makes it possible to measure the time and cognitive effort allocated to the subprocesses of writing and other cognitive activities. SCRIPTKELL was designed to easily use and modulate Kellogg’s (1986) triple-task procedure, which consists of a combination of three tasks: a writing task (or another task), a reaction time task (auditory signal detection), and a directed retrospection task (after each signal detection during writing). We demonstrate how this tool can be used to address several novel empirical and theoretical issues. In sum, SCRIPTKELL should facilitate the flexible realization of experimental designs and the investigation of critical issues concerning the functional characteristics of complex cognitive activities.     

Truthmakers and Normative Conflicts

Studia Logica - By building on work by Kit Fine, we develop a sound and complete truthmaker semantics for Lou Goble’s conflict tolerant deontic logic $$\mathbf {BDL}$$.     

Does quantity matter to a stingless bee?

Animal Cognition - Quantitative information is omnipresent in the world and a wide range of species has been shown to use quantities to optimize their decisions. While most studies have focused on...     

Measures of observer agreement when binomial data are collected in free operant situations

This paper examines a model and defines reasonable assumptions underlying different measures of observer agreement for categorical data collected in free operant situations. It is assumed that two or more observers classify operant behaviors of subjects into occurrences and nonoccurrences by recognition by validated response classes (categories) such that the rates of false positives and observer biases are acceptably low. Thus errors are mostly omissions, i.e., failing to observe events that occur. Four alternative cases are derived, together with formulas for calculating significance tests, variances, and standard errors, three of which do not depend on knowledge of the proportion of time points at which the event does not occur.We wish to acknowledge NICHD Grant HD-10570, The Neuropharmacology of Developmental Disorders, George Breese, Ph.D., and C. T. Gualtieri, M.D., Principal Investigators; NIEHS Grant ES-01104; USPHS Grant HD-03110; and MCH Project 916 to the Division for Disorders of Development and Learning.     

Process Dissociation Procedure: Double Dissociations Following Divided Attention and Speeded Responding

The validity of the process dissociation procedure was examined by manipulating attention and speed of responding in a recognition task. Both manipulations were expected to decrease the probability of controlled memory processes, c, while leaving the probability of automatic memory processes, a, unaffected. In order to estimate c and a, a multinomial processing tree modelwas fittedto the data.Contrary to expectation, a double dissociation (i.e.a decrease inc coupled with an increase in a) was obtained, suggesting that a does not accurately measure the probability of automatic processes. The results are discussed with reference to the independence assumption in the process dissociation procedure.