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931.
Guido Boella Dov M. Gabbay Leendert van der Torre Serena Villata 《Studia Logica》2009,93(2-3):297-355
In this paper, we introduce the methodology and techniques of meta-argumentation to model argumentation. The methodology of meta-argumentation instantiates Dung’s abstract argumentation theory with an extended argumentation theory, and is thus based on a combination of the methodology of instantiating abstract arguments, and the methodology of extending Dung’s basic argumentation frameworks with other relations among abstract arguments. The technique of meta-argumentation applies Dung’s theory of abstract argumentation to itself, by instantiating Dung’s abstract arguments with meta-arguments using a technique called flattening. We characterize the domain of instantiation using a representation technique based on soundness and completeness. Finally, we distinguish among various instantiations using the technique of specification languages. 相似文献
932.
Thomas Ågotnes Wiebe Van der Hoek Juan A. Rodríguez-Aguilar Carles Sierra Michael Wooldridge 《Studia Logica》2009,92(1):1-26
We define a multi-modal version of Computation Tree Logic (ctl) by extending the language with path quantifiers E
δ
and A
δ
where δ denotes one of finitely many dimensions, interpreted over Kripke structures with one total relation for each dimension. As
expected, the logic is axiomatised by taking a copy of a ctl axiomatisation for each dimension. Completeness is proved by employing the completeness result for ctl to obtain a model along each dimension in turn. We also show that the logic is decidable and that its satisfiability problem
is no harder than the corresponding problem for ctl. We then demonstrate how Normative Systems can be conceived as a natural interpretation of such a multi-dimensional ctl logic.
Presented by Jacek Malinowski 相似文献
933.
Clustering Qualitative Data Based on Binary Equivalence Relations: Neighborhood Search Heuristics for the Clique Partitioning Problem 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The clique partitioning problem (CPP) requires the establishment of an equivalence relation for the vertices of a graph such
that the sum of the edge costs associated with the relation is minimized. The CPP has important applications for the social
sciences because it provides a framework for clustering objects measured on a collection of nominal or ordinal attributes.
In such instances, the CPP incorporates edge costs obtained from an aggregation of binary equivalence relations among the
attributes. We review existing theory and methods for the CPP and propose two versions of a new neighborhood search algorithm
for efficient solution. The first version (NS-R) uses a relocation algorithm in the search for improved solutions, whereas
the second (NS-TS) uses an embedded tabu search routine. The new algorithms are compared to simulated annealing (SA) and tabu
search (TS) algorithms from the CPP literature. Although the heuristics yielded comparable results for some test problems,
the neighborhood search algorithms generally yielded the best performances for large and difficult instances of the CPP. 相似文献
934.
Marja van den Heuvel-Panhuizen Alexander Robitzsch Adri Treffers Olaf Köller 《Psychometrika》2009,74(2):351-365
This article discusses large-scale assessment of change in student achievement and takes the study by Hickendorff, Heiser,
Van Putten, and Verhelst (2009) as an example. This study compared the achievement of students in the Netherlands in 1997 and 2004 on written division problems.
Based on this comparison, they claim that there is a performance decline in this subdomain of mathematics, and that there
is a move from applying the digit-based long division algorithm to a less accurate way of working without writing down anything.
In our discussion of this study, we address methodological challenges that come in when investigating long-term trends in
student achievements, such as the need for adequate operationalizations, the influence of the time of measurement and the
necessity of the comparability of assessments, the effect of the assessment format, and the importance of inclusion relevant
covariates in item response models. All these issues matter when assessing change in student achievement. 相似文献
935.
Immo Fritsche Thomas Kessler Amélie Mummendey Jörg Neumann 《European journal of social psychology》2009,39(1):3-21
Violations of social norms can either be evaluated in an absolute or in a gradual fashion depending on whether group goals are represented as minimal or maximal goals. Recent research has shown that absolute versus gradual deviations lead to increased levels of demanded punishment and inclination to exclude the deviant from the respective moral community. In this article, we investigate whether individual differences in orientation towards setting goals in either minimal or maximal terms predict reactions to norm violation. In three studies we found that a dominant minimal goal orientation (MIN) relative to maximal goal orientation (MAX) increased punishment inclinations and social exclusion tendencies towards norm violators. These effects were mediated by affective reaction and proved to be unique goal orientation effects when possible effects of need for closure, intolerance of ambiguity and regulatory focus were controlled for. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
936.
Majerus S Heiligenstein L Gautherot N Poncelet M Van der Linden M 《Journal of experimental child psychology》2009,103(1):66-86
This study investigated the role of auditory selective attention capacities as a possible mediator of the well-established association between verbal short-term memory (STM) and vocabulary development. A total of 47 6- and 7-year-olds were administered verbal immediate serial recall and auditory attention tasks. Both task types probed processing of item and serial order information because recent studies have shown this distinction to be critical when exploring relations between STM and lexical development. Multiple regression and variance partitioning analyses highlighted two variables as determinants of vocabulary development: (a) a serial order processing variable shared by STM order recall and a selective attention task for sequence information and (b) an attentional variable shared by selective attention measures targeting item or sequence information. The current study highlights the need for integrative STM models, accounting for conjoined influences of attentional capacities and serial order processing capacities on STM performance and the establishment of the lexical language network. 相似文献
937.
This study aims at discovering the essential constituents involved in the experiences of guilt and shame. Guilt concerns a
subject’s action or omission of action and has a clear temporal unfolding entailing a moment in which the subject lives in
a care-free way. Afterwards, this moment undergoes a reconstruction, in the moment of guilt, which constitutes the moment
of negligence. The reconstruction is a comprehensive transformation of one’s attitude with respect to one’s ego; one’s action;
the object of guilt and the temporal-existential experience. The main constituents concerning shame are its anchorage in the
situation to which it refers; its public side involving the experience of being perceptually objectified; the exclusion of
social community; the bodily experience; the revelation of an undesired self; and the genesis of shame in terms of a history
of frozen now-ness. The article ends with a comparison between guilt and shame. 相似文献
938.
Prof. Dr. rer.soc. Franziska Lamott Kathrin Mörtl Michael B. Buchholz 《Forum der Psychoanalyse》2009,25(2):137-160
The material examined comprised videotaped group sessions in which the participating sexual offenders talked about their crimes and biographies. Out of the available texts four types of narrative formats of biography construction were elaborated: the medical case report, the coming-of-age novel, the vita sexualis and the family drama. Each format includes specific subjective theories about deviant behaviour and sheds light on the diverse defense dynamics. These dynamics could be extracted analyzing various narrative levels, such as the structure of the narration, the self-positioning in the story and the interactions of the group. It was shown how the participants either accepted or rejected responsibility and guilt, which is considered highly relevant for the prognosis. The presented study gives important insight into psychotherapy with sexual offenders. 相似文献
939.
940.
Previous studies indicated impaired magnocellular (M) and relatively spared parvocellular (P) visual pathway functioning in patients with fragile X syndrome. In this study, we assessed M and P pathways in 22 female fragile X premutation carriers with normal intelligence and in 20 healthy non-carrier controls. Testing procedure included visual contrast sensitivity and vernier threshold measurements. Results revealed that carriers were selectively impaired on tests of M pathways (low spatial/high temporal frequency contrast sensitivity and frequency-doubling vernier), whereas they showed intact performance on P pathway tests. These results suggest that the deficit of the M pathway is an endophenotype of fragile X syndrome. 相似文献