Petri Paavilainen  Janne Illi  Nella Moisseinen  Maija Niinisalo  Karita Ojala  Johanna Reinikainen  Lari Vainio 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2016,57(3):185-192

The task‐irrelevant spatial location of a cue stimulus affects the processing of a subsequent target. This “Posner effect” has been explained by an exogenous attention shift to the spatial location of the cue, improving perceptual processing of the target. We studied whether the left/right location of task‐irrelevant and uninformative tones produces cueing effects on the processing of visual targets. Tones were presented randomly from left or right. In the first condition, the subsequent visual target, requiring response either with the left or right hand, was presented peripherally to left or right. In the second condition, the target was a centrally presented left/right‐pointing arrow, indicating the response hand. In the third condition, the tone and the central arrow were presented simultaneously. Data were recorded on compatible (the tone location and the response hand were the same) and incompatible trials. Reaction times were longer on incompatible than on compatible trials. The results of the second and third conditions are difficult to explain with the attention‐shift model emphasizing improved perceptual processing in the cued location, as the central target did not require any location‐based processing. Consequently, as an alternative explanation they suggest response priming in the hand corresponding to the spatial location of the tone. Simultaneous lateralized readiness potential (LRP) recordings were consistent with the behavioral data, the tone cues eliciting on incompatible trials a fast preparation for the incorrect response and on compatible trials preparation for the correct response.  相似文献   

    

Marius Golubickis  Lucy B.G. Tan  Johanna K. Falben  C. Neil Macrae 《European journal of social psychology》2016,46(4):521-527

Reflecting the egocentrism that permeates contemporary society, people often believe they stand out in the eyes of others (i.e., the spotlight effect), a conviction that is entirely misplaced. Although considerable efforts have focused on elucidating the consequences of the spotlight effect, much less is known about factors that may attenuate this illusory perception. Accordingly, the current study explored the possibility that, via shifts in perspectives on the self (i.e., first person vs. third person), brief mindfulness‐based meditation may reduce a future‐oriented variant of this bias. The results revealed that, compared with responses in the control conditions (i.e., control meditation or no mediation), brief mindfulness‐based meditation fostered the adoption of a third‐person vantage point during mental imagery and diminished perceptions of personal salience.  相似文献   

    

Susan E. Collins PhD  Emily M. Taylor BS  Victor L. King BS  Alyssa S. Hatsukami BS  Matthew B. Jones BS  Chi‐Yun Lee BS  James Lenert BS  Johanna M. Jing BS  Charlotte R. Barker BS  Silvi C. Goldstein BS  Robert V. Hardy BS  Greta Kaese BS  Lonnie A. Nelson PhD 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2016,46(6):655-663

This study is the first to document suicidality among chronically homeless people with alcohol problems (N = 134) and examine its trajectory following exposure to immediate, permanent, low‐barrier housing (i.e., Housing First). Suicidal ideation, intent, plans, and prior attempts were assessed at baseline and during a 2‐year follow‐up. Baseline suicidal ideation was over four times higher than in the general population. Two‐year, within‐subjects, longitudinal analyses indicated severity of suicidal ideation decreased by 43% from baseline to follow‐up. Significant decreases were also found for intent and clinical significance of ideation. No participants died by suicide during the 2‐year follow‐up.  相似文献   

    

Magdalena Skrodzka;Johanna Ray Vollhardt; 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2024,34(4):e2832

Historical trauma impacts the affected groups long after traumatic events. In response to such experiences, people may make sense of this history through collective victimisation beliefs that compare their ingroup's experiences to outgroups' experiences. Additionally, they may perceive these collective experiences as central to their self and group identity, or distance themselves from them. However, it is not yet well understood how distinct beliefs about historical trauma are linked to psychological well-being. The present study examined this question among the Polish diaspora in the United States (N = 280). Mediation analyses showed a negative indirect effect of exclusive victim beliefs and centrality of collective victimisation on psychological well-being, while inclusive victim beliefs and decentring collective victimisation had positive indirect effects on psychological well-being. Structural equation modelling examining all collective victim beliefs simultaneously highlighted historical victimisation as identity content (a subscale of centrality of collective victimisation) as a particularly important predictor of psychological well-being, through historical trauma emotions. Overall, in line with appraisal theory, these findings suggest that how a group's historical victimisation is construed is linked to emotional processes and can predict psychological well-being. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement.  相似文献   

WHAT IS THE CONTAINER/CONTAINED WHEN THERE ARE GHOSTS IN THE NURSERY?: JOINING BION AND FRAIBERG IN DYADIC INTERVENTIONS WITH MOTHER AND INFANT     

Johanna C. Malone  Carolyn Joy Dayton 《Infant mental health journal》2015,36(3):262-274

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Johanna Nilsson  LaVerne Berkel  Patricia J. Kelly  Marti Trummer  Joanna Maung  Niyatee Sukumaran 《Counselling psychology quarterly》2015,28(2):113-131

More women of the National Guard and Reserves have deployed to combat zones overseas than ever before. Upon reintegration, these soldiers often face a number of stressors related to their combat zone experiences and readjustment to civilian life. One of these stressors is the reintegration with family, partners, and children. This qualitative study involved interviews with 30 women from the National Guard regarding their reintegration experiences with their children. Four categories were revealed from the data: (a) Concerns for Children’s Well-being, (b) Sense of Loss (c) Reintegration: Personal Challenges, and (d) Reintegration: Children’s Reactions. Implications for clinical work with returning soldiers and further research are discussed.  相似文献   

    

Roland Imhoff  Alexander F. Schmidt  Johanna Bernhardt  Andreas Dierksmeier  Rainer Banse 《Cognition & emotion》2013,27(4):676-690

A newly developed Semantic Misattribution Procedure (SMP), a semantic variant of the Affect Misattribution Procedure (AMP), was used in three studies as an indirect measure of sexual interest. Using a known-group approach, homosexual men (Studies 1 and 2), heterosexual men (Studies 1 to 3) and heterosexual women (Study 3) were asked to guess the meaning of briefly presented Chinese ideographs as “sexual” or “not sexual”. The ideographs were preceded by briefly presented primes depicting male and female individuals of varying sexual maturity. As hypothesised, the frequency of “sexual” responses increased after priming with pictures of individuals of the preferred sex and increasing sexual maturation. The SMP showed satisfactory reliability and convergent validity as indicated by correlations with direct and two indirect measures of sexual interest. In two further studies, the hypothesised pattern was replicated whereas a standard AMP with the identical prime stimuli did not produce this result. The potential usefulness of semantic variants of the AMP is discussed.  相似文献   

    

Simon J. Wharne  Darren Langdridge  Johanna Motzkau 《Humanistic Psychologist》2013,41(2):153-165

As Victorian asylums closed down in the United Kingdom, community mental health services were set up to support patients in exercising choice and freedom; in finding a place in society. The success of these services has been questioned, so further policies have been introduced in an effort to protect rights and improve social inclusion. However, capacity to make decisions has been interpreted as no more than a process of rational mental calculation. This article reports on a phenomenological study that explores the decision-making experiences of three men who have endured psychosis. It is not only associated with choice and freedom but also with responsibility, blame, and social exclusion. These men appear to have faced common existential dilemmas, but have sought to express emotional will in conflict with other people and have, perhaps, been placed under more social pressure and become more isolated as individuals, while enduring experiences that are difficult to make meaningful for others. It seems that, paradoxically, efforts have been made to empower these men by controlling them, and medication has been imposed on them so as to regulate thoughts and moods, in attempts to serve their best interests.  相似文献   

    

Johanna Stålnacke  Aiko Lundequist  Birgitta Böhm  Hans Forssberg  Ann-Charlotte Smedler 《Child neuropsychology》2013,19(5):648-667

Cognitive outcome after preterm birth is heterogeneous, and group level analyses may disguise individual variability in development. Using a person-oriented approach, this study investigated individual cognitive patterns and developmental trajectories from preschool age to late adolescence. As part of a prospective longitudinal study, 118 adolescents born preterm, with a birth weight < 1,500 g, participated in neuropsychological assessments at age 5½ years and at 18 years. At each age, four cognitive indices, two tapping general ability and two tapping executive functions, were formed to reflect each individual’s cognitive profile. Cluster analyses were performed at each age separately, and individual movements between clusters across time were investigated. At both 5½ and 18 years, six distinct, and similar, cognitive patterns were identified. Executive functions were a weakness for some but not all subgroups, and verbal ability was a strength primarily among those whose overall performance fell within the normal range. Overall, cognitive ability at 5½ years was highly predictive of ability at age 18. Those who performed at low levels at 5½ years did not catch up but rather deteriorated in relative performance. Over half of the individuals who performed above the norm at 5½ years improved their relative performance by age 18. Among those performing around the norm at 5½ years, half improved their relative performance over time, whereas the other half faced increased problems, indicating a need for further developmental monitoring. Perinatal factors were not conclusively related to outcome, stressing the need for cognitive follow-up assessment of the preterm-born child before school entry.  相似文献   

    

Stephan Heinzel  Stefanie Schulte  Johanna Onken  Quynh-Lam Duong  Thomas G. Riemer  Andreas Heinz 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2014,21(2):146-173

Previous studies on working memory training have indicated that transfer to non-trained tasks of other cognitive domains may be possible. The aim of this study is to compare working memory training and transfer effects between younger and older adults (n = 60). A novel approach to adaptive n-back training (12 sessions) was implemented by varying the working memory load and the presentation speed. All participants completed a neuropsychological battery of tests before and after the training. On average, younger training participants achieved difficulty level 12 after training, while older training participants only reached difficulty level 5. In younger participants, transfer to Verbal Fluency and Digit Symbol Substitution test was found. In older participants, we observed a transfer to Digit Span Forward, CERAD Delayed Recall, and Digit Symbol Substitution test. Results suggest that working memory training may be a beneficial intervention for maintaining and improving cognitive functioning in old age.  相似文献