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171.
Pronk TM Karremans JC Wigboldus DH 《Journal of personality and social psychology》2011,100(5):827-837
In the present research, we examined why some people have more difficulty than others in staying faithful to their romantic partners. Three studies supported our main prediction that executive control is associated with romantically involved individuals' ability to stay faithful. Study 1 showed that participants with a higher level of executive control reported less difficulty in staying faithful to their partners than did those with lower levels of executive control. In Study 2, romantically involved male participants were placed in a waiting room together with an attractive female confederate. Results showed that participants with a higher level of executive control showed less flirting behavior with the confederate than did those with lower levels of executive control. Study 3 demonstrated that a higher level of executive control was related to a lower expressed desire to meet an attractive other, but only for romantically involved participants. Together, these studies showed that executive control helps romantically involved individuals to deal with the lure of attractive alternatives. 相似文献
172.
Bakker MP Ormel J Verhulst FC Oldehinkel AJ 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2011,39(3):341-350
Adolescent family adversity is a considerable adaptive challenge in an increasingly turbulent developmental period. Using
data from a prospective population cohort of 2230 Dutch adolescents, we tested risk-buffering interactions between adolescent
family adversity and self-regulation capacities on mental health. We used two adaptive self-regulation capacities that could
allow adolescents to manage relatively well with family adversity: (1) parent-reported effortful control, and (2) an attentional
flexibility (in this case, set-shifting) task. Adolescent family adversity was associated with internalizing problems and
externalizing problems. The risk-buffering effects of effortful control were found for externalizing problems but not for
internalizing problems. There were no risk-buffering effects of attentional flexibility on both types of mental health problems.
Effortful control is likely to benefit adolescents’ ability to channel their frustrations in adaptive ways in the presence
of family adversity. Additionally, (attentional) set-shifting tasks might have a limited predictive value for risk-buffering
research. 相似文献
173.
Researchers have recognized the importance of developing an accurate classification system for externalizing disorders, though
much of this work has been framed by a priori preferences for categorical vs. dimensional constructs. Newer statistical technologies
now allow categorical and dimensional models of psychopathology to be compared empirically. In this study, we directly compared
the fit of categorical and dimensional models of externalizing behaviors in a large and representative community sample of
adolescents at two time points separated by nearly 2.5 years (N = 2027; mean age at Time 1 = 11.09 years; 50.8% female). Delinquent and aggressive behaviors were assessed with child and
parent Child Behavior Checklist reports. Latent trait, latent class, and factor mixture models were fit to the data, and at
both time points, the latent trait model provided the best fit to the data. The item parameters were inspected and interpreted,
and it was determined that the items were differentially sensitive across all regions of the dimension. We conclude that classification
models can be based on empirical evidence rather than a priori preferences, and while current classification systems conceptualize
externalizing problems in terms of discrete groups, they can be better conceptualized as dimensions. 相似文献
174.
Symptoms of depression in Swedish fathers in the postnatal period and development of a screening tool
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Methods for detecting depression in fathers after the birth of their child are scarce. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), used to screen mothers for postpartum depression (PPD), lacks somatization and externalizing items. This potentially decreases its sensitivity in detecting depression in fathers, as many men actually express depression with somatization or externalizing symptoms. The present study assessed depressive symptoms in fathers of children 0–18 months old, and evaluated whether addressing both typical depression and externalizing, so‐called “depressive equivalent” symptoms, might be more suitable for such assessment. The Beck Depression Inventory‐II (BDI‐II), EPDS, and Gotland Male Depression Scale (GMDS) were responded to by 447 Swedish fathers online. Among participants, 27% reported depressive symptoms above the BDI‐II cut‐off suggestive of depression. Most fathers reported both traditional and depressive equivalent symptoms and a subgroup expressed exclusively depressive equivalent symptoms. Consistently, a scale combining items from the EPDS and GMDS showed higher sensitivity than the EPDS alone in identifying fathers with elevated depressive symptoms, at equal levels of specificity. Our findings suggest that a combination of EPDS and depressive equivalent symptom items results in a more suitable instrument for screening for depression in fathers during the postnatal period. 相似文献
175.
Paul Johan Karlsen Richard J. Allen Alan D. Baddeley Graham J. Hitch 《Memory & cognition》2010,38(3):292-303
Recent studies of visual short-term memory have suggested that the binding of features such as color and shape into remembered
objects is relatively automatic. A series of seven experiments broadened this investigation by comparing the immediate retention
of colored shapes with performance when color and shape were separated either spatially or temporally, with participants required
actively to form the bound object. Attentional load was manipulated with a demanding concurrent task, and retention in working
memory was then tested using a single recognition probe. Both spatial and temporal separation of features tended to impair
performance, as did the concurrent task. There was, however, no evidence for greater attentional disruption of performance
as a result of either spatial or temporal separation of features. Implications for the process of binding in visual working
memory are discussed, and an interpretation is offered in terms of the episodic buffer component of working memory, which
is assumed to be a passive store capable of holding bound objects, but not of performing the binding. 相似文献
176.
Miranda Sentse Siegwart Lindenberg Annelies Omvlee Johan Ormel René Veenstra 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(1):119-130
In a large sample of early adolescents (T2: n = 1023; M age = 13.51; 55.5% girls) it was investigated whether the effects of parental and peer acceptance and rejection on psychopathology
(externalizing and internalizing problems) remain when taking into account both contexts simultaneously. Moreover, we examined
whether acceptance in one context can buffer rejection in the other. It was found that when analyzing peer and parent effects
simultaneously (1) the protective effect of parental acceptance and the risk effect of peer rejection were diminished; (2)
the protective effect of peer acceptance and the risk-effect of parental rejection remained strong; and (3) peer acceptance
buffered parental rejection but parental acceptance did not buffer peer rejection. The results imply that the parent and peer
contexts are interdependent. Implications and directions for future research are given. 相似文献
177.
Pauline W. Jansen Hein Raat Johan P. Mackenbach Vincent W. V. Jaddoe Albert Hofman Floor V. van Oort Frank C. Verhulst Henning Tiemeier 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(8):1151-1164
In many societies the prevalence of behavioural problems in school-aged children varies by national origin. We examined the association between national origin and behavioural problems in 1½-year-old children. Data on maternal national origin and the Child Behavior Checklist for toddlers (n?=?4943) from a population-based cohort in the Netherlands were used. Children from various non-Dutch backgrounds all had a significantly higher mean behavioural problem score. After adjustment for family risk factors, like family income and maternal psychopathology, the differences attenuated, but remained statistically significant. Non-Dutch mothers with immigration risk factors, such as older age at immigration or no good Dutch language skills, reported significantly more behavioural problems in their offspring. In conclusion, the present study indicated more behavioural problems in immigrant toddlers from various backgrounds. Researchers and policymakers aiming to tackle disparities in behavioural problems should take into account that risks associated with national origin are intertwined with unfavourable family and immigration characteristics. 相似文献
178.
This paper examines explanations for human artistic behavior in two reductionist research programs, cognitive neuroscience and evolutionary psychology. Despite their different methodological outlooks, both approaches converge on an explanation of art production and appreciation as byproducts of normal perceptual and motivational cognitive skills that evolved in response to problems originally not related to art, such as the discrimination of salient visual stimuli and speech sounds. The explanatory power of this reductionist framework does not obviate the need for higher-level accounts of art from the humanities, such as aesthetics, art history or anthropology of art. 相似文献
179.
In the psychological study of auditory imagery, instruments for measuring vividness or clarity have existed for some time.
The present article argues that existing scales are ambiguous, in that clarity and vividness of auditory imagery are addressed
simultaneously, and that empirical validations of those scales suffer from inadequate methods. The aim of the present study
was to develop a new psychometric scale, the Clarity of Auditory Imagery Scale, measuring individual differences in clarity
of auditory imagery. Drawing on previous literature, 16 items were generated, forming an initial item pool that was presented
to 212 respondents. The hypothesized single dimensionality inherent in the data was confirmed using Velicer’s (1976) minimum
average partial test and parallel analysis. Also, data were factor analyzed, extracting a stable one-factor solution including
all 16 items. The internal consistency of the final scale was satisfactory (coefficient alpha = .88). Other properties of
the questionnaire, such as test-retest reliability, remain to be established. 相似文献
180.