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931.
932.
The authors summarize trends for several indicators of student career development collected in 1973 (when career education and career planning programs began to receive renewed emphasis) and again in 1983. The indicators, obtained for nationally representative samples of junior and senior high school students (N = 18,129 in 1973 and 15,432 in 1983), included career-related concerns, career planning involvement, and reactions to career planning services. Among the major trends was a 32% increase in the proportion of 11th graders who reported receiving “some” or “a lot” of career planning help from their schools. Moreover, the proportion of students involved in typical career exploration activities increased significantly over the 10 years of the study. In general, the 10-year trends indicate that schools are having a greater impact on student career development than they were in 1973. 相似文献
933.
RICHARD E. PRICE MICHAEL M. OMIZO VICTORIA L. HAMMETT 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》1986,65(2):96-97
The authors discuss issues and suggestions relative to counseling clients with AIDS. Several psychosocial issues are presented, and a psycho-educational model of treatment to meet the needs of AIDS clients is described. 相似文献
934.
935.
Literature on the counseling needs of special populations typically has focused on the inadequate treatment those populations receive. Counselor education programs have responded by developing courses that target specific populations such as women, minorities, or disabled people. There are serious drawbacks, however, to this proliferation of specialized courses. In this article the authors discuss those drawbacks and argue that counselor education programs should include an integrated course that facilitates student self-awareness in conjunction with practical experience with a variety of clients. 相似文献
936.
937.
Pennypacker HS 《The Behavior analyst / MABA》1986,9(2):147-156
Highly effective technologies flowing from the discipline of behavior analysis have not been widely adopted, thus threatening the survival of the discipline itself. An analysis of the contingencies underlying successful technology transfer suggests the need for direct, empirical involvement in the marketplace in order to insure that the maximum demonstrable benefits reach the ultimate users. A successful example of this strategy of technology transfer is provided. Three areas of intense national concern-urban violence, illiteracy, and declining industrial productivity-provide immediate opportunities for the technologies of behavior analysis to secure the place of the discipline in the intellectual mosaic of the 21st century. 相似文献
938.
Factors affecting spontaneous alternation behavior (SAB) in animals, for example, age, gender and species studied; type of
apparatus and cues employed; and neuro-anatomical, neuro-chemical and motivational status of the organism, were reviewed.
Despite a myriad of experiments showing interesting main effects of such variables, little research has been performed assessing
the interactive affects of these factors on alternation behavior. For example, psychologists test rats in central nervous
system (CNS) lesion studies, whereas psychopharmacologists tend to assess SAB in mice. Most importantly, studies have not
been reported investigating the possible interactions among species, brain lesions and drugs. This is an unfortunate omission
since several important alternation models include propositions relating to cholinergic and/or serotonergic coding in the
hippocampus. Examination of behavioral studies revealed the primary cue for alternation among invertebrates to be body turn,
whereas vertebrates rely primarily on directional and odor cues. Reference to the seeking of stimulus change remains the most
compelling motivational account of why animals manifest this ubiquitious and reliable behavior pattern.
This review and the unpublished studies were supported by Research Grants MH16962, MH21288, and MH36491 from the National
Institute of Mental Health and the Wake Forest University Research and Publication Fund. 相似文献
939.
Inpatient Multimodal Therapy (imt) is a residential treatment program, lasting a maximum of 36 weeks, for patients with severe neurotic symptoms. A group of
44 chronic obsessive-compulsive patients and a group of 40 chronic phobic patients were treated in order to assess the outcome
and the process of treatment and to identify prognostic factors associated with the effect. At follow-up—on average, eight
months after discharge—it was found that 60% had improved, 32% had remained the same, and 8% had deteriorated, indicating
that, in general, the treatment was beneficial. That these effects were long-lasting is supported by the fact that, at follow-up,
78% of all patients were no longer receiving treatment, 18% were receiving outpatient or day treatment, and 4% were receiving
inpatient treatment. Phobic patients appear to have gained more from the multimodal approach than did obsessive-compulsive
patients, as indicated by the fact that the severity of symptoms decreased as they improved in rational thinking, assertiveness,
and arousal. By contrast, obsessive-compulsive patients relapsed more than phobic patients did. This was attributed to the
fact that the former gained less from the rational-emotive training, denied problems with assertiveness, and did not practice
the acquired relaxation skills. It further appeared that a favorable outcome could be induced in patients who (1) expressed
relatively mild symptoms in this otherwise severe group, (2) reported relatively few additional complaints, (3) could clearly
indicate interpersonal problems, and (4) did not use psychotropic drugs. These prognostic factors are so widespread that not
much weight can be ascribed to them. Yet they are useful for indication ofimt until better predictors are found. 相似文献
940.
This article is based on a review of recent literature on “computing stress”; that is, on the psychological stress effects
of working with computer systems. Current research into the sources of computer-related stress has tended to concentrate on
those employees who operate Visual Display Units (VDUs), either on a full-time professional basis as word-processor (WP) operators,
data-entry clerks, secretaries, or those dealing with enquiries from the public; or employees who use the VDU irregularly
as part of their other duties. A few studies have looked at specific occupation groups, such as printers (Kalimo & Lepp?nen,
1985), information technology professionals (programers and analysts), process workers, and college students (Sproull, Kiesler,
& Zubrow, 1984). Generally, however, research has been carried out on office workers, more often women, carrying out administrative
tasks. An attempt is made to identify those potential work-related stressors that have been isolated by these studies, and
also included are criticisms of the general methodologies used in many of them.
The terms “visual display unit,” “visual display terminal,” VDU, VDT, and “terminal” are used interchangeably. 相似文献