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221.
Joel O. Goldberg Heather Wheeler Tobi Lubinsky Jessica Van Exan 《Cognitive and behavioral practice》2007,14(1):98-106
This article outlines an 8-week curriculum that was created to help outpatients develop cognitive and behavioral skills for coping with delusions and hallucinations as well as to reduce patients’ comorbid subjective levels of distress (e.g., depression, anxiety). The manualized protocol consisted of psychoeducation and training in a variety of CBT skills that have shown promise in treating individuals with residual psychosis, using recovery-oriented “naturalistic” methods and culminating in the creation of an individualized “tool kit” of cognitive coping resources. A preliminary study of the effectiveness of this brief group-based CBT program for outpatients with chronic, residual symptoms of schizophrenia was conducted. Participants were 24 outpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders who were stable on medications and connected to case management community follow-up. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for Schizophrenia interview and the Symptom Checklist-90 self-report symptom scales were administered pre- and post-intervention. The results suggest that there were significant improvements in psychotic symptoms and self-reported distress from pre- to posttreatment. 相似文献
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223.
Richard Joel Wassersug 《Journal of religion and health》2009,48(3):381-390
Classicists have argued that angels in Christian theology were modeled on the eunuchs of antiquity; with angels providing
the same services to the Lord in Heaven that eunuchs provided to emperors on Earth. I apply this idea toward understanding
the cherubim on the ark in Exodus 25 and the death of Aaron’s sons in Leviticus 10. I also suggest that the angel-eunuch analogy
can help us understand the psychological impact of androgen deprivation therapy on modern prostate cancer patients. Appreciating
this analogy can help prostate cancer patients accept and adapt to the changes they experience.
Dr. Richard Joel Wassersug , PhD, is a Full Professor in Dalhousie University’s Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, with cross appointments in Biology and Psychology. With coauthors in psychology, anthropology, medicine, and philosophy he now studies the psychological impact of androgen deprivation in historical and contemporary societies. The rationale for this research is to develop strategies for helping men recognize, accept, and adjust to the effects of medical treatments that impact on their gender identity (i.e., sense of masculinity) and sexuality (for example, potency and sex drive). 相似文献
Richard Joel WassersugEmail: |
Dr. Richard Joel Wassersug , PhD, is a Full Professor in Dalhousie University’s Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, with cross appointments in Biology and Psychology. With coauthors in psychology, anthropology, medicine, and philosophy he now studies the psychological impact of androgen deprivation in historical and contemporary societies. The rationale for this research is to develop strategies for helping men recognize, accept, and adjust to the effects of medical treatments that impact on their gender identity (i.e., sense of masculinity) and sexuality (for example, potency and sex drive). 相似文献
224.
Theories of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) implicate dysfunctional regulation mechanisms that have been conceptually
grouped into “top-down” control and “bottom-up” affective/reactive processes. This dual-process account can be invoked in
relation to temperament or personality traits and may clarify how traits relate to ADHD. Two samples were examined to illuminate
developmental effects. The younger sample was 179 youngsters aged 7 to 12 years (113 boys; 107 with ADHD). The older sample
was 184 adolescents (109 boys; 87 with ADHD) aged 13 to 18 years. Structural equation models included parent-rated traits,
teacher-rated ADHD symptoms, and laboratory-obtained executive functions. A control or “top-down” factor included cognitive
control and conscientiousness/effortful control. A second factor labeled affective or “bottom-up” included neuroticism/negative
emotionality, agreeableness, and reactive control. In the younger sample, these two factors were differentially and specifically
related to inattention and hyperactivity, respectively. However, in the older sample, the first factor was related to inattention
and hyperactivity, whereas the second factor was related to hyperactivity. Personality traits appear to map onto ADHD symptoms
in a meaningful manner consistent with a dual-process model of temperament and ADHD.
This research was supported by NIH National Institute of Mental Health Grant R01-MH63146, MH59105, and MH70542 to Joel Nigg.
Martel was supported by NIH F31 MH075533. We are indebted to the families and staff who made this study possible. 相似文献
225.
Duneesha De Alwis Joel Myerson Tamara Hershey Sandra Hale 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2009,16(5):925-930
The relations between higher cognitive abilities and immediate and delayed recall were studied in 57 children (6–16 years
of age). The participants were tested repeatedly on free recall of a supraspan list (Children’s Memory Scale), and their fluid
ability was also assessed (Woodcock—Johnson III Spatial Relations). Consistent with Unsworth and Engle’s (2007) account
of the relation between memory and higher order cognition, the children’s fluid ability was significantly correlated with
retrieval from secondary memory, regardless of whether it was measured using immediate or delayed recall. Multiple regression
analyses provided further support for this view, revealing that measures of immediate and delayed retrieval from secondary
memory accounted for the same variance in the children’s fluid ability. 相似文献
226.
Joel J. Kupperman 《The Journal of Ethics》2009,13(2-3):243-255
This paper represents two polemics. One is against suggestions (made by Harman and others) that recent psychological research counts against any claim that there is such a thing as genuine virtue (Cf. Harman, in: Byrne, Stalnaker, Wedgwood (eds.) Fact and value, pp 117–127, 2001). The other is against the view that virtue ethics should be seen as competing against such theories as Kantian ethics or consequentialism, particularly in the specification of decision procedures. 相似文献
227.
Joel Thomas Tierno 《Sophia》2001,40(2):1-6
Those who advance the traditional argument from human freedom presume that human freedom provides an adequate explanation
of moral evil. I argue that this presumption is erroneous. An adequate explanation of our capacity to make choices that produce
moral evil must be distinguished from an adequate explanation of the actuality of such choices. Human freedom may account
for our ability to make choices that issue in moral evil. It cannot, by itself, account for our actually making such choices.
Something more than our potential for choices that produce moral evil is required to adequately explain the profusion of moral
evil that we actually find in the world. 相似文献
228.
Although previous studies have noted functional deterioration in patients with severe schizotypal symptoms who meet criteria for schizotypal personality disorder, we are not aware of any study which examines level of functioning in nonpatients who experience mild schizophrenia spectrum personality (SSP) symptoms. With this issue in mind, occupational functioning was examined in non-patient subjects with mild SSP symptoms. Patients were recruited from the community by newspaper advertisements or from the first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia. Individuals with no DSM-IIIR Axis I diagnosis and with SSP symptoms (n = 60) and without symptoms (n = 75) participated in the study. The two groups had similar mean age and years of education. Occupational function was evaluated using the Level of Function Scale. The SSP patients with mild symptoms had significantly lower occupational scores (5.62 + 2.50) than the non-SSP patients (7.76 + 0.69; p < 0.001). A total of 39% of SSP patients, compared with 3% of non-SSP patients showed poor occupational functioning (chi 2 = 31, df = 1, p < 0.001). There was a significant deterioration in the socioeconomic status in SSP patients compared with their parents' status. Patients with mild SSP symptoms who were otherwise healthy showed severe difficulties with occupational function. Further research is needed to identify subtle deficits underlying functional deterioration and to develop targets for treatment strategies. 相似文献
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230.
The present experiment was conducted in order to examine the role of cue—target discriminability on early occurring attentional cuing effects and late occurring inhibition of return (IOR). The experiment used a single target stimulus in conjunction with three different cue stimuli. The cues were the same as the target, different in color, shape, and luminance to the target, or did not spatially overlap with the target. At shorter stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs; 100 and 200 msec), attentional cuing effects were only found with the nonoverlapping cues. However, at longer SOAs (400 and 800 msec), approximately equal IOR effects were found with all three types of cues. The results indicated that the physical characteristics of the cues and targets affected the pattern of reaction times at the shorter SOAs but not at the longer SOAs. The conclusion is that the biphasic pattern of early facilitation and late inhibition following a peripheral cue should not be considered the definitive signature of the peripheral cuing paradigm. 相似文献