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131.
132.
Susan Taylor-Greene Doris Brown Larry Nelson Julie Longton Terri Gassman Joe Cohen Joan Swartz Robert H. Horner George Sugai Susannah Hall 《Journal of Behavioral Education》1997,7(1):99-112
Two years of office referral data are presented in evaluation of a school-wide behavioral support program designed to define, teach, and reward appropriate student behavior in a rural middle school (grades 6, 7, and 8). During 1994-95, the school had 530 students and recorded 2,628 office referrals. The 1995-96 school year began with a full day in which students were taught five school expectations. Throughout the year, students also received rewards for appropriate behavior and office referrals for infractions. Results during 1995-96 document a 42% reduction in office referrals from the previous year. While the evaluation results do not document functional relationship, they suggest an efficient process for evaluating school-wide behavioral support, teaching appropriate behaviors, and changing the overall climate of the school. Implications for future research, and the use of schools as a unit of analysis, are discussed. 相似文献
133.
For random-model, fully-crossed, two- and three-facet experimental designs the following two problems were considered. First,
equations were developed for determining the optimal number of conditions of a facet for maximizing the coefficient of generalizability
under the constraint that the total number of observations per subject is constant. Second, the problem of determining the
minimum number of observations per subject for a specified generalizability coefficient is solved for the two-facet crossed
design. 相似文献
134.
This study provided support for Worthy and Markle's thesis that whites excel at self-paced and blacks at reactive sports activities, by assessing the performance of 55 white and 122 black fourth-grade boys playing a modified soccer game. The research also explored the relationships between several dimensions of socialization (e.g., father presence-absence) and relative performance on the self-paced-reactive dimension. Two significant correlations emerged: Regardless of their own racial identity, boys who excelled at the self-paced activity tended to have several younger siblings and to attend schools with a sizeable representation of white students. Subsequent interviews revealed that black and white boys did not differ in their preference for self-paced and reactive sports activities. 相似文献
135.
David A. Grant Jeffrey A. Kadlac Marian Schwartz Michael J. Zajano Joseph B. Hellige Louise C. Perry Kenneth B. Solberg 《Memory & cognition》1977,5(4):491-498
This experiment investigated speed of processing the grammaticality of phrases consisting of the adjective “one” or “two” followed by a singular or plural noun. The subject’s task was to press one of two keys, depending upon whether the phrase was grammatically correct or incorrect. There were eight types of phrases, formed by the factorial combinations of singular or plural adjectives, singular or plural nouns, and high or low noun imageD’. These served as within-subjects variables. Between-subjects variables were the factorial combinations of sex of subject, duration of stimulus phrase (.2 or 2.5 sec), and hand assigned to the correct-grammar key. A fourth between-subjects variable was whether or not the subject reported using an artificial phrase-scanning strategy to determine grammaticality. Correct grammar, singular noun form, high noun imagery, and reported use of the strategy all produced highly significant reductions in reaction times. Only 1% of the interactions were significant. A multistage serial processing model that could be based upon Sternberg’s additive factor paradigm or even Donders’ subtraction method was found to be highly successful in describing the results. 相似文献
136.
Temporal order recognition memory has been examined previously with tasks involving a recency judgment between a pair of items in a preceding string. Recency judgments are impaired when the earlier item is repeated. The present study employed the comparative recency judgment paradigm, with the lists composed of words. The effect of the inclusion in the list of a high associate of the earlier test item was examined and compared to the effect of repetition. Associative interference was observed, but not in all conditions. Direction of association was a significant factor. The results were interpreted in terms of a model of word recognition proposed by Morton. 相似文献
137.
138.
Stephen L. Chew Leah S. Larkey Sigfrid D. Soli Joe Blount James J. Jenkins 《Memory & cognition》1982,10(5):413-423
Music presents information both sequentially, in the form of musical phrases, and simultaneously, in the form of chord structure. The ability to abstract musical structure presented sequentially and simultaneously was investigated using modified versions of the Bransford and Franks’ (1971) paradigm. Listeners heard subsets of musical ideas. The abstraction hypothesis predicted (1) false recognition of novel instances of the abstracted musical idea, (2) confidence of “recognition” should increase as recognition items approximate the complete musical idea, (3) correct rejection of “noncases,” which deviate from the acquired musical structure. Experiment 1 investigated sequential abstraction by using four-phrase folk melodies as musical ideas. Predictions 1 and 3 were confirmed, but the false recognition rate decreased as the number of phrases increased. Listeners were sensitive to improper combinations of phrases and to novel melodies different from melodies presented during acquisition. Experiment 2 investigated simultaneous abstraction using four-voice Bach chorales as musical ideas. Listeners spontaneously integrated choral subsets into holistic musical ideas. Musically trained listeners were better than naive listeners at identifying noncases. 相似文献
139.
African American adolescent boys underutilize mental health service due to stigma associated with depression. Gaining an increased understanding of how depressed, African American adolescent boys perceive their mental health needs and engage in help-seeking behaviors might play an essential role in efforts to improve their symptoms and access to care. Using a mixed-methods design, this study examined the influence of mental health stigma and social support on depressive symptoms among African American adolescent boys. Findings indicated the protective effects of social support in decreasing depressive symptoms, especially when participants experienced mental health stigma. Results also revealed the pivotal role of family social support over both professional and peer support for participants who struggled with depressive symptoms. The primacy of family support among the sample, combined with the frequent distrust of professionals and peer networks, would indicate that working with families may improve initial identification of depression among African American adolescent boys and decrease their barriers to care. 相似文献
140.
In three studies, observers based inferences about the cohesiveness and common fate of groups on the emotions expressed by group members. The valence of expressions affected cohesiveness inferences, whereas the consistency of expressions affected inferences of whether members have common fate. These emotion composition effects were stronger than those due to the race or sex composition of the group. Furthermore, the authors show that emotion valence and consistency are differentially involved in judgments about the degree to which the group as a whole was responsible for group performance. Finally, it is demonstrated that valence-cohesiveness effects are mediated by inferences of interpersonal liking and that consistency-common fate effects are mediated by inferences of psychological similarity. These findings have implications for the literature on entitativity and regarding the function of emotions in social contexts. 相似文献