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251.
Some developments in multivariate generalizability 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This article is concerned with estimation of components of maximum generalizability in multifacet experimental designs involving multiple dependent measures. Within a Type II multivariate analysis of variance framework, components of maximum generalizability are defined as those composites of the dependent measures that maximize universe score variance for persons relative to observed score variance. The coefficient of maximum generalizability, expressed as a function of variance component matrices, is shown to equal the squared canonical correlation between true and observed scores. Emphasis is placed on estimation of variance component matrices, on the distinction between generalizability- and decision-studies, and on extension to multifacet designs involving crossed and nested facets. An example of a two-facet partially nested design is provided.Appreciation is expressed to the Office of Research in Medical Education, University of Texas Medical Branch, for permitting use of their data. 相似文献
252.
THE IMPACT OF AUDITION ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF VISUAL ATTENTION 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Alexandra L. Quittner Linda B. Smith Mary Joe Osberger Teresa V. Mitchell Donald B. Katz 《Psychological science》1994,5(6):347-353
Interactions between audition and vision were investigated in two experiments In the first experiment, school-age hearing children, deaf children with cochlear implants, and deaf children without implants participated in a task in which they were to respond to some visual signals and not others This task did not involve sound at all Deaf children without implants performed much more poorly than hearing children Deaf children with cochlear implants performed considerably better than deaf children without implants The second experiment employed a longitudinal design and showed that the rate of development in visual selective attention was faster for deaf children with cochlear implants than deaf children without implants Moreover, the gams were rapid–occurring within 2 years post-implant surgery The results suggest that a history of experience with sounds matters in the development of visual attention The results are discussed in terms of multimodal developmental processes 相似文献
253.
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255.
Depression and decision-making among intravenous drug users 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Two short scales, the TCU Depression Scale and the TCU Decision-making Scale, were psychometrically evaluated in a sample of 145 intravenous drug users. Coefficient alpha reliabilities were .78 for the 6-item TCU Depression Scale and .77 for the 9-item TCU Decision-making Scale. Concurrent validity of the former scale was assessed by correlating scores with those on the Beck Depression Inventory, r = .75. Based on the Beck Depression Inventory Clinical cutoff scores, 83% of the sample showed some depression, with 23% severely depressed, 39% moderately depressed, and 21% mildly depressed. Individuals scoring higher on depression on both tests tended to score lower on decision-making. Significant demographic associations of age, gender, education, and race-ethnicity were found for the depression and decision-making scales. More depression was noted for women, those younger, white, and having less education. Older and more educated intravenous drug users tended to score higher on decision-making. Validity for the depression and decision-making scales was assessed by examining correlations with behaviors. Significant positive correlations were found between depression scores and intravenous use of cocaine only, heroin and cocaine combined, and heroin only. Also, intravenous use of cocaine only and of cocaine and heroin combined were negatively related to decision-making. AIDS sex-risky behavior was positively correlated with depression and negatively correlated with decision-making. 相似文献
256.
Archaeologists employed in governmental positions often deal with issues that produce conflicts between their professional
duties to their employer, their ethical responsibilities to the resource, and their obligations as established by legislation.
The paper examines some of the conflicts imposed on governmental archaeologists by each of these systems but focuses on the
conflicts imposed by federal legislation and regulations on governmental archaeologists, using “Kennewick Man” as an example.
This is a revised edition of a paper written for the symposium: “Ethics in Science: Special Problems in Anthropology and Archaeology,”
organized by Merrilee Salmon; 1998 Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (Philadelphia,
February 15, 1998). The original paper was in a more conversational style as befitting a discussion atmosphere. Revisions,
comments, and opinions are entirely the author’s.
Joe Watkins is the Anadarko Agency Archaeologist at the Bureau of Indian Affairs and is a Research Associate in the Department
of Anthropology, Indiana University. 相似文献
257.
Joe S Woolley ME Brown GK Ghahramanlou-Holloway M Beck AT 《Journal of personality assessment》2008,90(5):521-523
Cross-cultural examinations of the validity and reliability of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (Beck, Steer, Ball, & Ranieri, 1996) is essential for its use in assessment and monitoring of the effectiveness of suicide interventions across racial groups. We tested the fit of a second-order, two-factor model and the internal reliability of the BDI-II in a sample of 133 African Americans with a recent history of suicide attempts. Additionally, we examined the convergent validity with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (Reynolds & Koback, 1995). The results indicate that the BDI-II is a reliable and valid measure of depressive symptoms for African American suicide attempters. 相似文献
258.
How personalized and socialized power motivation facilitate antisocial and prosocial decision-making
In two studies, we investigate the effects of individuals’ power motivation on decision-making. We distinguish between two types of power motivation [McClelland, D. C. (1970). The two faces of power. Journal of International Affairs, 24, 29–47; Winter, D. G. (1973). The power motive. New York: The Free Press] and demonstrate that both types of power motivation facilitate influential decision-making but that each type plays a different role in different contexts. In a conflict context (Study 1), individuals’ personalized (self-serving) power motivation was associated with antisocial decisions, and in a healthcare context (Study 2), individuals socialized (other-serving) power motivation was associated with prosocial decisions. Furthermore, the type of power motivation elicited in each context was associated with less perceived need to deliberate over the relevant policy decision. In separating out the independent effects of each type of power motivation, we are able to explain more variance in decision-making behavior across various contexts than in models using aggregate power motivation (personalized plus socialized). 相似文献
259.
Two hundred and thirteen low socioeconomic school-age children in grades 1 through 8 were administered the Halstead Finger Oscillation (or Tapping) Test (HFTT). All children were age appropriate for their grade in school and were not requiring special education services. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that a composite age/grade classification score, gender, and estimated level of intelligence accounted for approximately 40% of the variability in dominant and nondominant hand scores for these children (multiple R = .627, R(2) = +.393 for the dominant and multiple R = +.607, R(2) = +.368 for the nondominant hand). Only the age/grade level of the child (R(2) = .168) predicted the ability to inhibit adjacent finger movements when performing the HFTT task. Regional normative data for low socioeconomic school-age children are presented. Neurodevelopmental changes in the cortical and subcortical systems underlying finger movement may account for some of the variability observed in children when performing the HFTT. 相似文献
260.
The idea of personal autonomy is central to many accounts of eudaimonic well-being. Yet it is often criticized as a Western
concept celebrating individualism and independence over group obligations and interdependence or dependence. This paper rejects
this view and argues that coherent accounts of autonomy must always recognize the interdependence of people in groups, and
that autonomy can coexist with substantial relationships of dependence. It illustrates this drawing on evidence from Bangladesh,
a poor country usually absent from cross-cultural studies and one where personal relationships of hierarchy and dependence
are endemic. Argument and evidence are presented showing the coexistence of personal autonomy and dependence, and the relationship
between collective action and autonomy. We also address some of the specific problems encountered in researching autonomy
in a social context where it is mainly expressed in relational forms. We conclude that autonomy can be directed toward both
personal and social goals, and can be enacted individually, or by participation in groups. Autonomy is a universal psychological
need but its expression is always contextual.
ESRC Research Group on Wellbeing in Developing Countries 相似文献