Performance-Enhancing Drug Use in Baseball: The Impact of Culture

Few sports-related events have generated as much controversy as the steroid crisis in baseball. Both ardent fans and casual observers wonder why professional baseball players would choose to use such substances when their use was viewed as outside the bounds of fair play. This article attempts to answer that question by applying concepts from the area of organizational culture. Understanding the culture of baseball and the ways leaders embedded and strengthened that culture adds insight into the decisions by athletes to engage in steroid use. In general, such use was consistent with the already-existing culture. In addition, key decisions and events likely created the conditions in which steroid use was more likely.     

Close Encounters in Intimacy

ABSTRACT

Having noted the variable nature of the sensibility of each individual, this article presents 3 examples of my body/mind intimate connection to my patients’ immediate experience. These examples constitute the establishment of a form of intimate analytic encounter quite different from an experience of ESP, which I have never experienced.