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151.
Seeing power in action: The roles of deliberation, implementation, and action in inferences of power
Joe C. Magee 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2009,45(1):1-14
Six experiments investigate the hypothesis that social targets who display a greater action orientation are perceived as having more power (i.e., more control, less dependence, and more influence) than less action-oriented targets. I find evidence that this inference pattern is based on the pervasive belief that individuals with more power experience less constraint and have a greater capacity to act according to their own volition. Observers infer that targets have more power and influence when they exhibit more implementation than deliberation in the process of making decisions in their personal lives (Study 1a), in a public policy context (Study 1b), and in small groups (Study 2). In an organizational context, observers infer that a target who votes for a policy to change from the status quo has more power than a target who votes not to change from the status quo (Study 3). People also infer greater intra-organizational power and higher hierarchical rank in targets who take physical action toward a personal goal than in those who do not (Studies 4-5). 相似文献
152.
Joe Cambray 《The Journal of analytical psychology》2009,54(1):117-121
153.
In this paper, we suggest that social scientists' accounts of ‘activism’ have too often tended to foreground and romanticise the grandiose, the iconic, and the unquestionably meaning-ful, to the exclusion of different kinds of ‘activism’. Thus, while there is a rich social-scientific literature chronicling a social history of insurrectionary protests and key figures/thinkers, we suggest that there is more to ‘activism’ (and there are more kinds of ‘activism’) than this. In short, we argue that much can be learnt from what we term implicit activisms which – being small-scale, personal, quotidian and proceeding with little fanfare – have typically gone uncharted in social-scientific understanding of ‘activism’. This paper will reflect upon one example of this kind of ‘implicit’ activism, by re-presenting findings from interviews undertaken with 150 parents/carers, during an evaluation of a ‘Sure Start’ Centre in the East Midlands, UK. From these interviews emerged a sense of how the Centre (and the parents/carers, staff and material facilities therein) had come to matter profoundly to these parents/carers. We suggest that these interviews extend and unsettle many social-scientific accounts of ‘activism’ in three key senses. First: in evoking the specific kinds of everyday, personal, affective bonds which lead people to care. Second: in evoking the kinds of small acts, words and gestures which can instigate and reciprocate/reproduce such care. And third: in suggesting how such everyday, affective bonds and acts can ultimately constitute political activism and commitment, albeit of a kind which seeks to proceed with ‘not too much fuss’. 相似文献
154.
155.
Michael Pfau Joshua Compton Kimberly A. Parker Elaine M. Wittenberg Chasu An Monica Ferguson Heather Horton Yuri Malyshev 《人类交流研究》2004,30(3):329-360
This investigation compared the traditional explanation for the way inoculation confers resistance to influence with an alternative rationale for resistance based on attitude accessibility. Four hundred forty‐three participants took part in the investigation in four phases spanning 54 days. The combined multiple regression and structural equation modeling results suggest that the traditional and alternative explanations for the way that inoculation confers resistance involve separate processes; counterarguing and accessibility appear to be distinct tracks en route to resistance, but the two explanations also are overlapping processes in which elicited threat plays an integral role. 相似文献
156.
Susan Taylor-Greene Doris Brown Larry Nelson Julie Longton Terri Gassman Joe Cohen Joan Swartz Robert H. Horner George Sugai Susannah Hall 《Journal of Behavioral Education》1997,7(1):99-112
Two years of office referral data are presented in evaluation of a school-wide behavioral support program designed to define, teach, and reward appropriate student behavior in a rural middle school (grades 6, 7, and 8). During 1994-95, the school had 530 students and recorded 2,628 office referrals. The 1995-96 school year began with a full day in which students were taught five school expectations. Throughout the year, students also received rewards for appropriate behavior and office referrals for infractions. Results during 1995-96 document a 42% reduction in office referrals from the previous year. While the evaluation results do not document functional relationship, they suggest an efficient process for evaluating school-wide behavioral support, teaching appropriate behaviors, and changing the overall climate of the school. Implications for future research, and the use of schools as a unit of analysis, are discussed. 相似文献
157.
Connie Burrows Horton Tracy K. Cruise 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》1997,76(1):94-104
In the last 2 decades, various forms of child maltreatment, including physical abuse, sexual abuse, psychological abuse, and neglect, have gained the increased attention of the general public and mental health professionals. In this article, the authors review relevant literature to assist counselors in conducting quality clinical assessments of child victims and adult survivors of child maltreatment. Guidelines are discussed, and specific measures and procedures are recommended. 相似文献
158.
A M Horton 《Perceptual and motor skills》1992,75(1):257-258
This is a brief review of some literature on practice effects and age on neuropsychological testing. Research suggests that younger subjects show greater improvement when retested on intelligence tests than older persons. The implication is that the effects of neuropsychological practice may vary with the age of the person assessed. Suggestions for further research are discussed. 相似文献
159.
Stephen L. Chew Leah S. Larkey Sigfrid D. Soli Joe Blount James J. Jenkins 《Memory & cognition》1982,10(5):413-423
Music presents information both sequentially, in the form of musical phrases, and simultaneously, in the form of chord structure. The ability to abstract musical structure presented sequentially and simultaneously was investigated using modified versions of the Bransford and Franks’ (1971) paradigm. Listeners heard subsets of musical ideas. The abstraction hypothesis predicted (1) false recognition of novel instances of the abstracted musical idea, (2) confidence of “recognition” should increase as recognition items approximate the complete musical idea, (3) correct rejection of “noncases,” which deviate from the acquired musical structure. Experiment 1 investigated sequential abstraction by using four-phrase folk melodies as musical ideas. Predictions 1 and 3 were confirmed, but the false recognition rate decreased as the number of phrases increased. Listeners were sensitive to improper combinations of phrases and to novel melodies different from melodies presented during acquisition. Experiment 2 investigated simultaneous abstraction using four-voice Bach chorales as musical ideas. Listeners spontaneously integrated choral subsets into holistic musical ideas. Musically trained listeners were better than naive listeners at identifying noncases. 相似文献
160.
For random-model, fully-crossed, two- and three-facet experimental designs the following two problems were considered. First,
equations were developed for determining the optimal number of conditions of a facet for maximizing the coefficient of generalizability
under the constraint that the total number of observations per subject is constant. Second, the problem of determining the
minimum number of observations per subject for a specified generalizability coefficient is solved for the two-facet crossed
design. 相似文献