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141.
Maria Nida C. Roncesvalles Marjorie H. Woollacott Jody L. Jensen 《Journal of motor behavior》2013,45(1):100-111
The development of the ability to use the step for balance recovery was studied among twenty-five 9- to 19-month-old children. The children were grouped according to walking experience (4 levels) and exposed to backward support surface translations, 8 cm in amplitude, under 3 velocity conditions: 15, 20, and 25 cm/s. New walkers (up to 2 weeks' walking experience) used the step infrequently and ineffectively in response to threats to balance. Intermediate walkers (1-3 months' walking experience) showed an increasing use of the step and significant improvement in step execution compared with new walkers. Advanced walkers (> 3 months' walking experience) experienced no falls throughout the protocol, capturing balance with feet-in-place or step responses under all perturbation conditions. A significant developmental transition in the emergence of the compensatory step occurred between the new walker and the intermediate walker experience levels, that is, within the first 3 months of walking experience. Three to 6 months' experience was required for the development of an effective stepping response. A concomitant change in mediolateral stability paralleled the emergence of compensatory stepping. 相似文献
142.
Jody L. Jensen Esther Thelen Beverly D. Ulrich Klaus Schneider Ronald F. Zernicke 《Journal of motor behavior》2013,45(4):366-367
In this article, the development of the increasingly differentiated control of the joints necessary to transform the spontaneous leg movements of early infancy into adaptive and functional actions is described. The hypothesis—that increasing joint control requires the capability for disassociation of joint action, the active modulation of joint stiffness, and a transition from proximal to distal control of the joints—is proposed. Kinematic and kinetic analyses of the vertical kicks of infants 2 weeks, 3 months, and 7 months of age (as well as a comparative group of adults) indicated increasing joint independence as well as phase-dependent and joint-dependent control modifications. The kicks of the younger infants were dominated by a proximal control strategy and minimal adjustments of the limb energetics during the flexion and extension phases of the kick. By 7 months of age, much larger modulations of the kick phases were observed as well as increasing evidence of distal control. These results revealed kinematic and kinetic patterns of emerging limb control between 2 weeks and 7 months of age. 相似文献
143.
Jody Messler Davies Ph.D. 《Psychoanalytic Dialogues》2013,23(6):734-743
The following is a discussion of the papers by Jill Salberg and Sue Grand on the topic of psychoanalytic termination. The discussion focuses on the idiosyncratic nature of the psychoanalytic relationship and the particular nature of its ending, some similarities between the end of analytic love and the loss of love in every day life, problems with analyst initiated terminations, and the transgressive nature of termination and analytic creativity. There is a discussion of the cases presented by each of the authors. 相似文献
144.
The principle of inversion—that a + b ? b must equal a—requires a sensitivity to the relation between addition and subtraction that is critical for understanding arithmetic. Use of inversion, albeit inconsistent, has been observed in school-age children, but when use of a computational shortcut based on inversion emerges and how awareness of the inversion principle relates to other mathematical or numerical skills remain unclear. Two possibilities were explored in 3-year-olds by adapting a method used previously with older children involving the addition and subtraction of blocks differing in length. These children were significantly more accurate on inversion than standard problems, this difference was observed even in children who did not count well, and performance did not differ between formats that afforded qualitative or quantitative solutions. Thus, 3-year-olds appear to develop an early sensitivity to quantitative inversion. 相似文献
145.
Jody L. Davis Jeni L. Burnette Scott T. Allison Heather Stone 《Social Psychology of Education》2011,14(3):331-346
An implicit theory of ability approach to motivation argues that students who believe traits to be malleable (incremental
theorists), relative to those who believe traits to be fixed (entity theorists), cope more effectively when academic challenges
arise. In the current work, we integrated the implicit theory literature with research on top dog and underdog status to predict
self-efficacy in an academic context. To examine our predictions, we assessed college students’ (N = 165) implicit theories of mathematical ability and manipulated their underdog versus top dog status in a math competition.
We hypothesized that holding an incremental (vs. entity) theory would interact with competition status (underdog vs. top dog)
to predict mathematical self-efficacy. When in an underdog position, incremental (vs. entity) theories boosted students’ mathematical
self-efficacy. Moreover, a mediated moderation model revealed that the experience of less helplessness accounted for greater
self-efficacy in mathematical ability among academic underdogs with incremental (vs. entity) theories. Implications for teaching
practices are discussed. 相似文献
146.
Jody M. Ross 《Sex roles》2011,65(11-12):880-882
147.
Jody L. Newman Elizabeth A. Gray Dale R. Fuqua 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》1999,77(2):198-203
A comparison of mean scores on the Beck Depression Inventory and State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory scales revealed that women scored significantly higher than men on depression, whereas there were no significant differences on any of the 6 anger scales. Separate multiple regression analyses revealed that there were statistically significant relationships between the linear combination of anger scales and depression for both groups. A comparison of zero-order correlations of depression with the anger scales revealed that Anger-In correlated significantly more highly with depression among women than men. Finally Anger-In correlated significantly with 4 of the 5 other anger scales for women, but only with one for men. 相似文献
148.
149.
The purpose of this study was to develop and seek initial validation of a mental- health locus of control scale. Twenty-six mental-health professionals rated each of the 14 statements of a previously-designed mental-health service request form along a 5-point locus of control scale. Six of the 14 items met the study's criteria for inclusion in the mental-health locus of control scale. Discriminant validity of the scale was provided by a study demonstrating that psychotic patients were more external in their perceived locus of control than were a nonpsychotic patient comparison group. Other validation studies and research are suggested. 相似文献
150.
Edward G. Carr Crighton D. Newsom Jody A. Binkoff 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1980,13(1):101-117
This study sought to identify some of the variables controlling the severely aggressive behavior of two retarded children. In Experiment 1, each child was presented with several demand and nondemand situations. Aggression was frequent in the demand situations and rare in the nondemand situations. When a stimulus correlated with the termination of demands was introduced, aggression fell to a near zero level. In Experiment 2, for one child, a variety of preferred reinforcers was introduced into the demand situation contingent on correct responding. Aggression abruptly decreased to a low level. Experiments 3 and 4 involved the second child. In Experiment 3, this child was permitted, in one condition, to leave the demand situation if he emitted a nonaggressive response. Aggression decreased to a low level. In Experiment 4, he was prevented, in one condition, from leaving the demand situation in spite of high levels of aggression. Aggression fell to a near zero level. In Experiments 3 and 4, he was permitted, in several conditions, to leave the demand situation following aggressive behavior. Aggression increased to a high level. The results suggested that: (1) aggression can sometimes function as an escape response; and (2) escape-motivated aggression can be controlled by: (a) introducing strongly preferred reinforcers to attenuate the aversiveness of the demand situation; (b) strengthening an alternative, nonaggressive escape response; or (c) using an escape-extinction procedure. 相似文献