Behaviors of ADHD and Peer Relationship Difficulties in Chinese and American Youths: Role of Co-Occurring Behaviors of Depression and Anxiety

Abstract

The co-occurrence of behaviors of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with behaviors of anxiety or behaviors of depression is the norm, but little is known on how the co-occurrence accounted for youths’ peer relations. The authors report results on difficult peer relations in relation to behaviors of ADHD, co-occurring behaviors of depression, and behaviors of anxiety from three studies on 862 youths in China and in the United States. Study 1 included 313 ethnically and socioeconomically diverse American youths; Study 2 included 250 youths who were adopted out of Chinese orphanages by American parents; and Study 3 included 299 youths from Beijing, China. Data on difficult peer relations and behaviors of ADHD, depression, and anxiety were collected with the third edition of Behavior Assessment System for Children-Self Report of Personality. In all three studies, each type of problems alone significantly predicted difficult peer relations, but behaviors of ADHD were not significant when co-occurring behaviors of depression or co-occurring behaviors of anxiety were considered. Despite that the youths in our study had different cultural and personal backgrounds, there was no evidence that behaviors of ADHD were detrimental to youths’ peer relations when behaviors of depression or anxiety were considered. Implications for intervention were discussed.     

心理的动态平衡论与和谐心理构建——兼谈灾后心理辅导

人的心理是一个动态开放的系统，这个系统在运动、变化、发展中遵循从相对平衡到相对不平衡，再从相对不平衡走向新相对平衡的规律。人心理问题的实质是由于内部或外部某些因素的运动变化，致使心理系统的相对平衡状态遭到破坏，在个体内部及个体与环境之间出现的暂时相对不协调状况，属于从一种心理平衡状态向另一种心理平衡状态的过渡阶段。结合灾后心理辅导，根据动态平衡论提出了心理系统的边界调控、要素调控、途径调控和环境调控，通过个体自身的努力以及这些调控措施，让个体心理顺利地恢复到可以自我调节的动态平衡状态，或者从低级的动态平衡状态顺利地过渡到更能适应环境的高一级的动态平衡状态。     

互联网海量信息环境对人类决策提出的挑战及其应对方式

如今互联网推动人类进入信息爆炸时代,有限大脑容量与激增信息量间的巨大反差对人类决策提出了前所未有的挑战,但已有知识系统却找不出应对它的现成答案。围绕"互联网海量信息环境对人类决策的挑战"和"互联网海量信息环境下人类决策的应对方式"两个关键科学问题,我们借鉴动物选择"无序个体单独行动"和"有序集体统一行动"的转换机制,提出互联网海量信息环境下的内外脑应对方式,冀增进人们对互联网环境下决策行为的理解。     

中共中央统战部常务副部长朱维群看望慰问中国道教协会负责人

2月10日上午,中共中央统战部常务副部长朱维群一行来到北京白云观,看望慰问中国道教协会负责人,向全国道教界人士表示节日的问候和新春的祝福.     

《文心雕龙》易学撰著体例探析

就<文心雕龙>撰著体例而言,刘勰依据汉易象数原则及马融对"大衍之数"的解释,原本只将全书定为五十章并分为上下两篇;依汉易对"太极"及"三才"说的解释,由<原道>、<征圣>、<宗经>三篇构成总论,<原道>则相当于"其一不用"的"太极".由<辨骚>至<书记>为上篇文体论,依"取象"原则,旨在论文体渊源与流变;下篇旨在论"问数",而<神思>至<总术>又是集中阐述"驭文之术";上篇<原道>以下及下篇<神思>以下各篇篇第次序都是依取"两两相偶"的解易体例排定的,故<文心雕龙>通行本各篇篇第次序当为原貌.依象数不离及八宫卦原则,上篇与下篇又存在着对应关系.总之,刘勰<文心雕龙>的撰著体例是依取汉易象数学的解易体例而确立的.     

Ethical Leadership and Unethical Pro-Organisational Behaviour: The Mediating Mechanism of Reflective Moral Attentiveness

This study examines the mediating effects of reflective moral attentiveness on the relationship between ethical leadership and subordinates’ unethical pro-organisational behaviour (UPB). Based on two-wave survey data obtained from 233 employees in 60 teams from Chinese government agencies, we found that ethical leadership was positively related to reflective moral attentiveness. In addition, we found that reflective moral attentiveness mediated the relationship between ethical leadership and UPB, such that ethical leadership negatively influenced subordinates’ unethical pro-organisational behaviour through enhancing reflective moral attentiveness.     

自我监控对大学生社会回避及苦恼的影响

目的了解自我监控对大学生社会回避和苦恼的影响。方法对282名大学生施测了自我监控量表和社会回避与苦恼量表,根据自我监控量表分,把被试分为四组。结果高自我监控大学生组的社交回避及苦恼得分显著低于其他三组。结论自我监控对大学生社会回避与苦恼有显著影响。