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231.
Joanna Kantor‐Martynuska 《欧洲人格杂志》2009,23(8):655-673
The relationship between the listener's temperament and perceived magnitude of tempo and loudness of music was studied using the techniques of magnitude production, magnitude estimation scaling and cross‐modal matching. Four piano pieces were presented at several levels of tempo and loudness. In Study 1, participants adjusted tempo and loudness of music to their subjective level of comfort. In Study 2, participants estimated these parameters on a numerical scale and matched the length of a line segment to the estimates of these musical features. The results showed significant correlations of selected aspects of perceived tempo with perseveration and endurance as well as of selected aspects of perceived loudness with endurance and emotional reactivity. Perceived tempo and loudness, as measured by magnitude production and cross‐modal matching tasks, do not seem to systematically correlate with the six formal characteristics of behaviour distinguished in the most recent version of the Regulative Theory of Temperament (RTT). Additionally, there is some evidence that they are selectively associated with reactivity and activity, the dimensions of a previous version of the RTT. The study extends the methodology of research on music preferences and the stimulatory value of music. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
232.
Patrick D. Converse Mitchell H. Peterson Richard L. Griffith 《International Journal of Selection & Assessment》2009,17(1):47-60
The potential for faking on noncognitive measures in high stakes testing situations remains a concern for many selection researchers and practitioners. However, the majority of previous research examining the practical effects of faking on noncognitive assessments has focused on these measures in isolation, rather than the more common situation in which they are used in combination with other predictors. The present simulation examined the effects of faking on a conscientiousness measure on criterion‐related validity, mean performance of those selected, and selection decision consistency when hiring decisions were based on this measure alone vs in combination with two other predictors across a range of likely selection scenarios. Overall, results indicated that including additional predictors substantially reduced – but did not eliminate – the negative effects of faking. Faking effects varied across outcomes and selection scenarios, with effects ranging from trivial to noteworthy even for multiple‐predictor selection. Implications for future research and practice are discussed. 相似文献
233.
Ross D. Crosby Stephen A. Wonderlich Scott G. Engel Heather Simonich James E. Mitchell 《Behaviour research and therapy》2009,47(3):181-188
Objective
Negative affect has been purported to play an important role in the etiology and maintenance of bulimic behaviors. The objective of this study was to identify daily mood patterns in the natural environment exhibited by individuals with bulimia nervosa and to examine the relationship between these patterns and bulimic behaviors.Method
One hundred thirty-three women aged 18-55 meeting DSM-IV criteria for bulimia nervosa were recruited through clinical referrals and community advertisements. Ecological momentary assessment was used to collect multiple ratings of negative affect, binge eating and purging each day for a two-week period using palmtop computers. Latent growth mixture modeling was used to identify daily mood patterns.Results
Nine distinct daily mood patterns were identified. The highest rates of binge eating and purging episodes occurred on days characterized by stable high negative affect or increasing negative affect over the course of the day.Conclusions
These findings support the conclusion that negative mood states are intimately tied to bulimic behaviors and may in fact precipitate such behavior. 相似文献234.
Peter F. Lovibond Christopher J. Mitchell Erin Minard Alison Brady Ross G. Menzies 《Behaviour research and therapy》2009,47(8):716-720
A laboratory autonomic conditioning procedure was used to establish fear conditioning in human participants by pairing neutral stimuli with electric shock. Participants were also trained to make a button-press response to avoid shock. A target fear stimulus was then extinguished by presenting it without shock. The experimental group was given the opportunity to make the avoidance response during extinction whereas the control group was not. When the fear stimulus was tested without the response available, the control group showed normal extinction of both shock expectancy ratings and skin conductance responses, but the experimental group showed “protection from extinction”: they continued to give high expectancy ratings and strong skin conductance responses. We interpret this effect as analogous to the role of within-situation safety behaviours in preserving threat beliefs during exposure therapy for anxiety disorders. The results support a cognitive account of learning and anxiety. The procedure provides a potential laboratory model for further examination of the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying anxiety and its reduction. 相似文献
235.
236.
Nathan A. Call Ryan S. Pabico Joanna E. Lomas 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2009,42(3):723-728
Few direct‐assessment procedures are designed to identify potential negative reinforcers (e.g., including demands in the escape condition of functional analyses). Two participants were systematically exposed to a series of demands nominated by caregivers as potential negative reinforcers. Sessions ended following the first instance of problem behavior, and a hierarchy of demand aversiveness was created based on the latency to the first problem behavior. Subsequent functional analyses confirmed the predictive value of the hierarchy, with shorter latency demands consistently producing more differentiated functional analysis outcomes. 相似文献
237.
Michelle C. Sarche Calvin D. Croy Cecelia Big Crow Christina M. Mitchell Paul Spicer 《Infant mental health journal》2009,30(4):321-340
The developmental experiences of very young American Indian children today are not well documented in the current literature. The present study sought to explore the social‐emotional development of American Indian toddlers living on a Northern Plains reservation, as a function of maternal variables. Mothers completed self‐report questionnaires about their experiences and their children's development. Observer ratings of children's development also were conducted. Maternal stress, substance use/abuse, perceptions of stress in the mother–child relationship, social support, and American Indian cultural identity were significantly related to children's social‐emotional development. This study is the first to explore these relationships in a Northern Plains American Indian sample of young children and their mothers. Results suggest possible points of intervention for improving the developmental outcomes of very young American Indian children. 相似文献
238.
Georg H. Eifert John P. Forsyth Joanna Arch Emmanuel Espejo Melody Keller David Langer 《Cognitive and behavioral practice》2009,16(4):368-385
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is an innovative acceptance-based behavior therapy that has been applied broadly and successfully to treat a variety of clinical problems, including the anxiety disorders. Throughout treatment ACT balances acceptance and mindfulness processes with commitment and behavior change processes. As applied to anxiety disorders, ACT seeks to undermine excessive struggle with anxiety and experiential avoidance––attempts to down-regulate and control unwanted private events (thoughts, images, bodily sensations). The goal is to foster more flexible and mindful ways of relating to anxiety so individuals can pursue life goals important to them. This article describes in some detail a unified ACT protocol that can be adapted for use with persons presenting with any of the major anxiety disorders. To exemplify this approach, we present pre- and posttreatment data from three individuals with different anxiety disorders who underwent treatment over a 12-week period. The results showed positive pre- to posttreatment changes in ACT-relevant process measures (e.g., reductions in experiential avoidance, increases in acceptance and mindfulness skills), increases in quality of life, as well as significant reductions in traditional anxiety and distress measures. All three clients reported maintaining or improving on their posttreatment level of functioning. 相似文献
239.
Toon Leroy Mitchell Silva Rudi D’Hooge Jean-Marie Aerts Daniel Berckmans 《Behavior research methods》2009,41(1):148-153
In this article, an automated and accurate mouse observation method, based on a conventional test for motor function evaluation,
is outlined. The proposed measurement technique was integrated in a regular open-field test, where the trajectory and locomotion
of a free-moving mouse were measured simultaneously. The system setup consisted of a transparent cage and a camera placed
below it with its lens pointing upward, allowing for images to be captured from underneath the cage while the mouse was walking
on the transparent cage floor. Thus, additional information was obtained about the position of the limbs of the mice for gait
reconstruction. In a first step, the camera was calibrated as soon as it was fixed in place. A linear calibration factor,
relating distances in image coordinates to real-world dimensions, was determined. In a second step, the mouse was located
and its body contour segmented from the image by subtracting a previously taken “background” image of the empty cage from
the camera image. In a third step, the movement of the mouse was analyzed and its speed estimated from its location in the
past few images. If the speed was above a 1-sec threshold, the mouse was recognized to be running, and the image was further
processed for footprint recognition. In a fourth step, color filtering was applied within the recovered mouse region to measure
the position of the mouse’s paws, which were visible in the image as small pink spots. Paws that were detected at the same
location in a number of subsequent images were kept as footprints—that is, paws in contact with the cage floor. The footprints
were classified by their position relative to the mouse’s outline as corresponding to the front left or right paw or the hind
left or right paw. Finally, eight parameters were calculated from the footprint pattern to describe the locomotion of the
mouse: right/left overlap, front/hind base, right/left front limb stride, and right/left hind limb stride. As an application,
the system was tested using normal mice and mice displaying pentobarbital-induced ataxia. The footprint parameters measured
using the proposed system showed differences of 10% to 20% between normal and ataxic mice. 相似文献
240.
Janzen R Nelson G Hausfather N Ochocka J 《American journal of community psychology》2007,39(3-4):287-299
Since the 1970s mental health consumer-run organizations have come to offer not only mutual support, but they have also adopted
agendas for broader social change. Despite an awareness of the need for system level efforts that create supportive environments
for their members, there has been limited research demonstrating how their system level activities can be documented or their
impacts evaluated. The purpose of this paper is to feature a method of evaluating systems change activities and impacts. The
paper is based on a longitudinal study evaluating four mental health consumer-run organizations in Ontario, Canada. The study
tracked system level activities and impacts using both qualitative and quantitative methodologies. The article begins by describing
the development and implementation of these methods. Next it offers a critical analysis of the methods used. It concludes
by reflecting on three lessons learned about capturing system level activities and impacts of mental health consumer-run organizations. 相似文献