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301.
This essay explores the relationship between humour, religion, and wellbeing. It surveys some historical and contemporary psychological approaches to humour, and examines the empirical findings on the relationship between humour and health. It notes the historical antipathy between religion and humour, and argues that this is based on an incomplete analysis of the complexities of both religion and humour, including the chronological aspects of phase in the life of a religion or religious movement, and the capacity of humour both to conserve and subvert received wisdom of the faith tradition. Finally, it argues that aspects of both humour and religion are associated with transcendence, and that this maybe a helpful a conceptual bridge linking the two. 相似文献
302.
Despite being significantly correlated, there is evidence to suggest that the scales measuring Agreeableness from the Big Five Inventory (BFI) and the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) do not capture identical constructs. More specifically, NEO PI-R Agreeableness contains content related to "honesty and humility" that is not contained by the BFI. In a sample of undergraduates (N = 290), the authors compared the correlations between these two measures of Agreeableness with traits from the HEXACO-PI-R as well as measures of narcissism, narcissistic personality disorder, and psychopathy. As expected, the two scores were significantly correlated but NEO PI-R Agreeableness manifested stronger correlations with the domains/facets of Honesty-Humility, narcissism/NPD, and aspects of psychopathy; these differences appear to be due primarily to the inclusion of the NEO PI-R facets of Straightforwardness and Modesty. These differences have important implications for the assessment and conceptualization of personality and personality disorder. 相似文献
303.
The geriatric specialty, unpopular among most UK born and trained medical graduates, provided an opportunity for career development and achievement for those doctors whose training had been non-standard for a variety of reasons. Migrant doctors who have played a substantive role in the UK National Health Service since its inception made an important contribution to the building of that specialty, at the same time building their own careers. This paper draws on oral history interviews with the UK trained pioneers of geriatric medicine and with South Asian overseas trained doctors who entered the geriatric specialty in the middle decades of the twentieth century. It critically reviews the literature of skilled migration, specifically in terms of ‘brain drain’ and ‘push–pull’, focusing on historical and socio-cognitive communities and emphasizes the contribution of individual narratives of career development in the lives of migrants. Focusing on the use of luck and chance in accounts it suggests that although such terms are indicative of chance upon opportunity, they also suggest a role for agency in career development in contexts which were not auspicious. The outcome, for those interviewed, was regarded positively in career terms, but also had a significant part to play in the development of the career of the specialty of geriatric medicine and in the lives of the marginalized people for whom they developed a service. 相似文献
304.
Although members of the clergy experience working conditions that have been associated with “emotional labour”, little is
known about the impact of this aspect of the job role on wellbeing. This study examined relationships between emotional labour
and psychological distress and intrinsic job satisfaction in 188 UK-based clergy. Also investigated were the potential moderating
effects of social support and training in counselling skills. Findings revealed significant associations between emotional
labour and both psychological distress and job satisfaction. Evidence was found that counselling training and a wider social
network may protect clergy from the negative impact of emotional labour, but social network size may also be a risk factor
for wellbeing. Further research should examine the impact of emotional labour on clergy, and the factors that might help them
manage this more effectively. 相似文献
305.
Frances Rice Norah Frederickson Joanna Seymour 《The British journal of educational psychology》2011,81(2):244-263
Background. The primary–secondary transition can negatively affect pupils' emotional and psychological adjustment. However, methods for assessing concerns regarding secondary school are limited. A reliable and valid measure of transition‐related concerns would be useful both in evaluating and shaping the content and delivery of universal and targeted transition support programmes. Aims. To assess the validity of a quantitative self‐report measure of school concerns as an assessment tool during the primary–secondary school transition. Sample. A UK sample of 147 Year 6 primary school pupils and 263 Year 7 secondary school pupils. Method. Self‐reports of school concerns and school liking as well as self‐reported and peer assessments on a range of psychological adjustment measures were collected. Results. The School Concerns Questionnaire (SCQ) showed good reliability at primary and secondary school. Secondary concerns reduced significantly post‐transition. Three factors emerged from an exploratory factor analysis of the SCQ and the pattern of results was replicated for post‐transition concerns. Pupils with higher school concerns at secondary school reported reduced liking of school and reduced trust and respect for teachers. The SCQ was associated with generalized anxiety and female gender both pre‐and post‐transition. Peer problems and depression were associated with pre‐ and post‐transition concerns, respectively. Conclusions. The SCQ is a simple to complete, reliable, and valid tool for assessing primary–secondary transition concerns. It could serve a valuable role in the evaluation and development of universal and targeted school‐based initiatives that aim to promote positive secondary transition. 相似文献
306.
Silk JS Shaw DS Prout JT O'Rourke F Lane TJ Kovacs M 《Journal of applied developmental psychology》2011,32(3):273-136
This study examines how mothers with and without a history of childhood-onset depression respond to their 3-9 year-old children's emotions. Mother-child dyads included 55 offspring of mothers with a history of childhood-onset depressive disorders and 57 offspring of never-depressed mothers. Mothers with a history of childhood depression were less likely than control mothers to respond in supportive ways to their children's negative emotions and were more likely to magnify, punish, or neglect their children's negative emotions. Magnification, neglect, and punishment of children's negative emotions were concurrently associated with children's internalizing symptoms, and neglect and punishment were associated with internalizing over a one year follow-up. Maternal neglect of children's negative emotion was positively associated with later internalizing symptoms for children who already had higher internalizing symptoms at the initial assessment. Findings suggest that atypical socialization of emotion may be one mechanism in the development of internalizing disorders. 相似文献
307.
308.
Recent research suggests that repetition priming (RP) for unfamiliar faces is highly view dependent and is eliminated when the viewpoint of target faces changes between study and test. The current research examined whether increased familiarity with novel faces from a single viewpoint at study would support RP from an alternative viewpoint at test. Participants passively viewed novel face images from a single viewpoint at study (i.e., either front or three-quarters), with half of the images seen once and half seen on five occasions. During a sex classification task at test, participants were faster to respond to face images seen from the same view as that at study than they were to previously unseen distractor faces for both single exposure faces and faces seen on five occasions (i.e., standard RP). When, however, face images at test were shown from a different viewpoint from that at study, RP only occurred for faces viewed on five occasions. 相似文献
309.
Raymond Oppong Billingsley Kaambwa Jacqui Nuttall Kerenza Hood Richard D. Smith Joanna Coast 《Applied research in quality of life》2011,6(4):411-423
Although EQ-5D has been used in the context of acute cough/lower respiratory tract infections (acute cough/LRTI), it has not
been formally validated in this disease area. The primary aim of this study is to assess the construct validity of EQ-5D as
a measure for economic evaluation in the context of acute cough/lower respiratory tract infections. Data were collected alongside
an observational study of the management of patients with acute cough/LRTI in thirteen European countries. However, the analysis
was limited to 349 patients from the UK. Hypotheses were specified a priori and tested in order to establish the construct
validity of EQ-5D. Statistical methods used to test the a priori hypotheses included Wilcoxon signed rank sum test, Kruskal-Wallis
test, Chi-square test and regression analysis. Most of the relationships that were tested were in line with the a priori hypotheses.
The main results indicate that there was a negative relationship between symptom severity scores and EQ-5D, smoking was associated
with worse EQ-5D scores and EQ-5D was able to discriminate between patients with headache, interference with normal activities
and disturbed sleep. This study also showed that the EQ-5D is moderately responsive in patients with acute cough/LRTI, and
is a suitable measure for use in economic evaluation studies of acute cough/LRTI 相似文献
310.
A total of 383 participants (aged 19 to 66 years) completed the Raven's Progressive Matrices, the Myers‐Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), the Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation‐Behavior (FIRO‐B), and the California Psychological Inventory‐434 (CPI‐434). Results showed that IQ was positively correlated with perceiving (MBTI), control (FIRO‐B), intellectual efficiency (CPI‐434), achievement via independence (CPI‐434), and negatively correlated with sensing (MBTI), internality (CPI‐434) and norm‐favouring (CPI‐434), supporting the majority of the hypotheses. Participants' age was correlated with many measures, particularly intelligence and accounted for a third of the variance in IQ scores. Limitations are considered. 相似文献