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321.
Ian J. Deary Enrico Simonotto Alan Marshall Ian Marshall Nigel Goddard Joanna M. Wardlaw 《Intelligence》2001,29(6):382
Seven healthy subjects underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of the brain while performing an inspection time task. Employing a block-type design, the task had three difficulty levels: a control condition, an easy (200 ms stimulus duration), and a more difficult (40 ms) discrimination. Based on group results, there were widespread significant areas of difference in brain activation and deactivation when pairwise comparisons were conducted among the three task conditions. When the difficult condition was compared with the easy condition, there was relative activation in areas of the following brain regions: cingulate gyrus and some frontal and parietal lobe areas. Areas within the following regions showed relative deactivation (greater blood oxygenation level-dependent, BOLD, signal in the easy condition): frontal, temporal, and parietal lobe. There were overlaps between these areas and those found to be active while performing higher cognitive tasks in other functional brain imaging studies. These pilot data encourage future studies of the functional anatomy of inspection time and its relevance to psychometric intelligence. 相似文献
322.
Joanna Grygiel 《Studia Logica》1989,48(1):77-84
The notion of absolute independence, considered in this paper has a clear algebraic meaning and is a strengthening of the usual notion of logical independence. We prove that any consistent and countable set in classical prepositional logic has an absolutely independent axiornatization. 相似文献
323.
Cris M. Sullivan Cheribeth Tan Joanna Basta Maureen Rumptz William S. Davidson II 《American journal of community psychology》1992,20(3):309-332
Experimentally tested the hypotheses that (1) battered women are in need of numerous community resources upon exit from a domestic violence shelter, (2) working with advocates increases women's effectiveness in obtaining needed resources and social support, and (3) success in obtaining resources and social support increases women's levels of life satisfaction and decreases their risk of further abuse. The initial findings of a short-term intervention project designed to provide postshelter advocacy services to women with abusive partners are presented. One-hundred forty-one battered women were interviewed immediately upon their exit from a domestic violence shelter as well as 10 weeks thereafter. Half the sample was randomly assigned to receive the services of trained advocates who assisted them in accessing needed community resources. Women who worked with advocates reported being more effective in accessing resources and had higher levels of social support and overall quality of life postintervention. Although all women reported some decrease in postshelter abuse, there were no differences between those with and those without advocates, and abuse continued to be a problem for many women. 相似文献
324.
To investigate the hypothesis that sulpiride potentiates stereotyped locomotion at an intermediate dose of amphetamine, rats
were assigned to one of four treatment groups (n=7 per group): vehicle + saline; 20 mg/kg sulpiride + saline; vehicle + 3.5mg/kg
amphetamine; 20 mg/kg sulpiride + 3.5 mg/kg amphetamine. An automated tracking system was used to record distance moved and
sequences of movements between quadrants in a circular open-field. The results showed that amphetamine increased horizontal
distance moved, and increased the number and proportion of thigmotaxic trips around the perimeter of the apparatus. Sulpiride
reduced amphetamine-induced hyperactivity and the number of perimeter trips, but had no effect on the proportion and maximum
run length of perimeter trips. Thus sulpiride reduces the hyperactivity produced by an intermediate dose of amphetamine, but
does not appear to affect the stereotyped nature of locomotion under the drug. 相似文献
325.
Scott C. Carvajal Joanna R. Photiades Richard I. Evans Susan G. Nash 《Journal of applied social psychology》1997,27(18):1617-1628
This study examined determinants of substance use derived from the theory of planned behavior as influenced by acculturation. Latino adolescents (n= 448) completed measures of attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, intentions toward substance use, and 2 acculturation components. The degree to which Latino adolescents were exposed to as well as use Spanish was unrelated to determinants of future substance use, whereas the degree to which they interact with non-Latino peers exerted a protective effect regarding future substance use. However, both acculturation components influenced the extent social influence determinants predicted future substance use. Intervention strategies may need to consider acculturation in order to effectively direct resources toward those psychosocial determinants of substance use of greatest relevance to Latino populations. 相似文献
326.
In a study examining inferences made about couples based on their choice whether or not to have children, college undergraduates projected 1-year and 25-year life situations for a hypothetical couple who either (1) neither had nor wished to have children, (2) were presented without any reference to children, or (3) already had two children. This manipulation notwithstanding, most couples were projected as becoming parents. Female subjects saw having children as enhancing the quality of life of both partners, while males took the opposite view. 相似文献
327.
Joanna de Waal 《The Journal of analytical psychology》2023,68(4):706-728
In this paper the author explores a cultural narrative that she suggests rests on the concepts of the Feminine and Masculine as such, employing both as though they contain an agreed set of universal givens. These givens are extrapolated from an androcentric perspective on female and male bodies, in particular their biological functions regarding reproduction. The metaphors of the baby-in-womb, mother’s preoccupation with child and heteronormative sexual relations are the primary cyphers for the narrative. She suggests that remaining unconscious of this narrative, such that it is taken as a universal given, can hamper a person’s relation to themselves, the world and others. The author names two concepts, Home and Identity: Home being an hospitable and accommodating space with Identity denoting the one who inhabits the space. In the narrative these two are unhelpfully categorized as belonging to the Feminine and the Masculine respectively. For ease of understanding the author uses a capital letter to designate an abstract idea, and lower case when referring to the concrete or particular. Clinical examples are given throughout the paper to illustrate how acknowledgement and awareness of this narrative might free the analyst or therapist to think more broadly around issues pertaining to space and identity. 相似文献
328.
329.
Raczaszek-Leonardi J Shapiro LP Tuller B Kelso JA 《Journal of psycholinguistic research》2008,37(2):87-113
This paper examines the influence of context on the processing of category names embedded in sentences. The investigation
focuses on the nature of information available immediately after such a word is heard as well as on the dynamics of adaptation
to context. An on-line method (Cross Modal Lexical Priming) was used to trace how this process unfolds in time. We found that
the information available immediately after a category word is presented is not altered by the sentence context in which the
word is immersed. Rather, the structure of availability of particular exemplars of the category resembles the typicality structure
of a conceptual representation. The adaptation to context occurs later (between 300 and 450 ms after the category word) and
takes the form of a rapid reorganization of the structure rather than a gradual activation of a contextually relevant exemplar.
We claim that such data is best accounted for in a dynamical framework, where a coherent global structure emerges through
locally guided self-organization. 相似文献
330.