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321.
Cris M. Sullivan Cheribeth Tan Joanna Basta Maureen Rumptz William S. Davidson II 《American journal of community psychology》1992,20(3):309-332
Experimentally tested the hypotheses that (1) battered women are in need of numerous community resources upon exit from a domestic violence shelter, (2) working with advocates increases women's effectiveness in obtaining needed resources and social support, and (3) success in obtaining resources and social support increases women's levels of life satisfaction and decreases their risk of further abuse. The initial findings of a short-term intervention project designed to provide postshelter advocacy services to women with abusive partners are presented. One-hundred forty-one battered women were interviewed immediately upon their exit from a domestic violence shelter as well as 10 weeks thereafter. Half the sample was randomly assigned to receive the services of trained advocates who assisted them in accessing needed community resources. Women who worked with advocates reported being more effective in accessing resources and had higher levels of social support and overall quality of life postintervention. Although all women reported some decrease in postshelter abuse, there were no differences between those with and those without advocates, and abuse continued to be a problem for many women. 相似文献
322.
To investigate the hypothesis that sulpiride potentiates stereotyped locomotion at an intermediate dose of amphetamine, rats
were assigned to one of four treatment groups (n=7 per group): vehicle + saline; 20 mg/kg sulpiride + saline; vehicle + 3.5mg/kg
amphetamine; 20 mg/kg sulpiride + 3.5 mg/kg amphetamine. An automated tracking system was used to record distance moved and
sequences of movements between quadrants in a circular open-field. The results showed that amphetamine increased horizontal
distance moved, and increased the number and proportion of thigmotaxic trips around the perimeter of the apparatus. Sulpiride
reduced amphetamine-induced hyperactivity and the number of perimeter trips, but had no effect on the proportion and maximum
run length of perimeter trips. Thus sulpiride reduces the hyperactivity produced by an intermediate dose of amphetamine, but
does not appear to affect the stereotyped nature of locomotion under the drug. 相似文献
323.
Scott C. Carvajal Joanna R. Photiades Richard I. Evans Susan G. Nash 《Journal of applied social psychology》1997,27(18):1617-1628
This study examined determinants of substance use derived from the theory of planned behavior as influenced by acculturation. Latino adolescents (n= 448) completed measures of attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, intentions toward substance use, and 2 acculturation components. The degree to which Latino adolescents were exposed to as well as use Spanish was unrelated to determinants of future substance use, whereas the degree to which they interact with non-Latino peers exerted a protective effect regarding future substance use. However, both acculturation components influenced the extent social influence determinants predicted future substance use. Intervention strategies may need to consider acculturation in order to effectively direct resources toward those psychosocial determinants of substance use of greatest relevance to Latino populations. 相似文献
324.
325.
Raczaszek-Leonardi J Shapiro LP Tuller B Kelso JA 《Journal of psycholinguistic research》2008,37(2):87-113
This paper examines the influence of context on the processing of category names embedded in sentences. The investigation
focuses on the nature of information available immediately after such a word is heard as well as on the dynamics of adaptation
to context. An on-line method (Cross Modal Lexical Priming) was used to trace how this process unfolds in time. We found that
the information available immediately after a category word is presented is not altered by the sentence context in which the
word is immersed. Rather, the structure of availability of particular exemplars of the category resembles the typicality structure
of a conceptual representation. The adaptation to context occurs later (between 300 and 450 ms after the category word) and
takes the form of a rapid reorganization of the structure rather than a gradual activation of a contextually relevant exemplar.
We claim that such data is best accounted for in a dynamical framework, where a coherent global structure emerges through
locally guided self-organization. 相似文献
326.
In this article, we present a new framework for interpreting cultural differences in behavior -- what we call the institutional approach. In this framework, individuals' behaviors are conceptualized as strategies adapted to various incentive structures. Cultural differences in behavior are thus viewed as differences in the default adaptive strategies that individuals come to rely on in unclear situations. Through two studies, we demonstrate that the East Asian "preference" for conformity is actually a default strategy to avoid accrual of negative reputation. When the possibility for negative evaluations in a given situation was clearly defined, cultural differences in the tendency for uniqueness disappeared. This approach carries important implications to psychologists who interpret cultural differences in behavior in terms of preferences, and can serve as a common framework branching out toward other disciplines in the social sciences. 相似文献
327.
328.
Janet D. Latner Joanna K. Vallance Geoffrey Buckett 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2008,15(2):148-153
This study examined health-related quality of life (QOL) and its association with different forms of binge eating in 53 women
with eating disorders. Participants had enrolled in treatment for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder,
or other eating disorders not otherwise specified and completed measures of QOL, eating-related psychopathology, and mood
disturbance. Eating- and mood-related psychopathology, and to a lesser extent, mental-component QOL scores, were severely
impaired in this sample relative to population norms. QOL was significantly and independently predicted by subjective bulimic
episodes and compensatory behaviors, including food avoidance, laxative abuse, and self-induced vomiting, accounting for 32%
of the variance. Subjective bulimic episodes and food avoidance also independently predicted the physical-component QOL, accounting
for 27% of the variance. These findings suggest that subjective bulimic episodes may be independently associated with impairment
in QOL and may require specific attention as targets of treatment. 相似文献
329.
The death of Margaret of Savoy in 1574 created a momentous stir in literary and political circles. This renowned patroness
of arts and protector of minorities had extended her protection to the Jews and conversos living in the realm of her husband, Emannuel Philibert. Jews, too, lamented her demise. The purpose of this paper is to interpret
the elegies written by the Jewish Italian scholar, Azariah de’ Rossi, setting them in their historical and literary context.
De’ Rossi’s extant poems in Hebrew, Aramaic and Latin are printed here in their entirety for the first time. An analysis of
their content demonstrates how de’ Rossi, the scholar, adopts the medium of the elegy in order to “exalt and exhort” Margaret’s
widower, the ruler Emannuel Philibert of Piedmont, implicitly, therefore, pleading the Jewish cause. 相似文献
330.
This study examined naturalistic medication use and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) treatment outcomes in 105 patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for panic disorder (PD), assessed by structured clinical interview. The association between pre- and post-treatment use of SSRIs, benzodiazepines (BZs), and any anti-anxiety or anti-depressant (A/D) medication were investigated for three indicators of treatment outcome (PD severity, presence of agoraphobia (AG), anxiety sensitivity) at post-treatment and 6-month follow-up. Controlling for pre-treatment severity, pre-treatment SSRI use was associated with worse outcomes for AG (p=.04) and anxiety sensitivity (p=.047); post-treatment SSRI use was associated with delayed improvements in PD severity (p=.05). Pre-treatment use of A/D was associated with poorer PD severity outcomes (p=.04). Post-treatment use of A/D was associated with higher anxiety sensitivity scores across post-treatment and 6-month follow-up (p=.03). BZ use was not associated with significantly worse outcomes. However, there was a decrease in the number of patients using BZs from pre-treatment to post-treatment (p=.06) and follow-up (p=.006). In conclusion, controlling for pre-treatment severity, pre- and post-treatment use of SSRIs and A/D was associated with poorer outcomes, particularly for PD severity and anxiety sensitivity. 相似文献