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THE RELATIVE INFLUENCE OF MOTIVATING OPERATIONS FOR POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT ON PROBLEM BEHAVIOR DURING DEMANDS 下载免费PDF全文
Research has demonstrated the feasibility of using positive reinforcement to treat problem behavior maintained by negative reinforcement. This line of research was extended in the current study. A functional analysis (FA) was conducted that suggested problem behavior was maintained by positive and negative reinforcement. Following the FA, a demand analysis was conducted with three demand conditions: one that replicated the demand condition from the FA, one that included presession exposure to a preferred item, and another that included presession exposure to preferred items and access to those items during breaks from demands. Although problem behavior occurred in all three demand conditions, within session analyses showed that problem behavior ceased during breaks from demands only when they included access to preferred items. This finding suggests that the motivating operation responsible for evoking problem behavior did not decrease when only a break was provided. Subsequent functional communication training and treatment analysis showed that treatments based on positive reinforcement were effective at reducing problem behavior, but those based on a negative reinforcement hypothesis were not. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
164.
Joanna Blundell Jones Sue Walsh Claire Isaac 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2014,21(4):356-373
Treatments for depression and anxiety in multiple sclerosis (MS) are effective but evidence suggests that individuals do not always seek help for emotional difficulties. This study explored how ten women with MS (aged 30–64), recruited via a hospital based MS clinic, coped with and understood their emotions. The semi-structured interviews were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Eight participants discussed the analytic process and themes. Four overarching themes emerged: Disclosure stress, Uncomfortable dependence, Facing deterioration and One step at a time. The women struggled emotionally with many aspects of living with MS yet coping alone provided a way of defying MS and maintaining independence and control. The women needed emotional support but reported thinking others either did not notice or understand; their emotions often felt invisible. More holistic care from services was desired. Non help-seeking for distress was partially influenced by a desire to keep things “normal” and a lack of knowledge regarding service provision. 相似文献
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Johanna Nilsson LaVerne Berkel Patricia J. Kelly Marti Trummer Joanna Maung Niyatee Sukumaran 《Counselling psychology quarterly》2015,28(2):113-131
More women of the National Guard and Reserves have deployed to combat zones overseas than ever before. Upon reintegration, these soldiers often face a number of stressors related to their combat zone experiences and readjustment to civilian life. One of these stressors is the reintegration with family, partners, and children. This qualitative study involved interviews with 30 women from the National Guard regarding their reintegration experiences with their children. Four categories were revealed from the data: (a) Concerns for Children’s Well-being, (b) Sense of Loss (c) Reintegration: Personal Challenges, and (d) Reintegration: Children’s Reactions. Implications for clinical work with returning soldiers and further research are discussed. 相似文献
167.
Joanna Golińska-Pilarek 《Studia Logica》2016,104(2):209-234
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Rachel T. Hill Valerie J. Morganson Russell A. Matthews Theresa P. Atkinson 《The Journal of psychology》2016,150(1):132-149
Despite research advances, work-family scholars still lack an understanding of how leadership constructs relate to an employee's ability to effectively manage the work–family interface. In addition, there remains a need to examine the process through which leadership and work-family conflict influence well-being outcomes. Using a sample of 312 workers, a mediated process model grounded in social exchange theory is tested wherein the authors seek to explain how leaders shape employee perceptions, which, in turn, impact organizational fulfillment of expectations (i.e., psychological contract breach), work-family conflict, and well-being. A fully latent structural equation model was used to test study hypotheses, all of which were supported. Building on existing theory, findings suggest that the supervisor plays a critical role as a frontline representative for the organization and that work-family conflict is reduced and well-being enhanced through a process of social exchange between the supervisor and worker. 相似文献
169.
Joanna Blochowiak 《Topoi》2016,35(1):93-107
Despite extensive studies, the issue concerning the pragmatic mechanisms leading to causal and temporal interpretations of and remains problematic and has not yet been addressed in its totality within one framework. This paper proposes a solution based on presuppositional mechanisms built into a comprehensive analysis that accounts for both the various interpretations of and-sentences as well as those of other types of sentences involving similar interpretations. This account is a specific part of a unified solution to the knotty problem of different manners of conveying causal and temporal relations both with connectives and also with juxtaposed sentences. It is formulated within the Relevance Nomological Model which provides a general framework for the analysis of causal constructions such as the connective because and why-questions. 相似文献
170.
Różycka-Tran Joanna Piotrowski Jarosław P. Żemojtel-Piotrowska Magdalena Jurek Paweł Osin Evgeny N. Adams Byron G. Ardi Rahkman Bălțătescu Sergiu Bhomi Arbinda Lal Bogomaz Sergey A. Cieciuch Jan Clinton Amanda de Clunie Gisela T. Czarna Anna Z. Esteves Carla Sofia Gouveia Valdiney Halik Murnizam H. J. Kachatryan Narine Kamble Shanmukh Vasant Kawula Anna Klicperova-Baker Martina Kospakov Aituar Letovancova Eva Lun Vivian Miu-Chi Cerrato Sara Malo Muehlbacher Stephan Nikolic Marija Pankratova Alina A. Park Joonha Paspalanova Elena Pék Győző de León Pablo Pérez Šolcová Iva Poláčková Shahbaz Wahab Ha Truong Thi Khanh Tiliouine Habib Van Hiel Alain Vauclair Christin-Melanie Wills-Herrera Eduardo Włodarczyk Anna Yahiiaiev Illia I. Maltby John 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2021,40(7):3575-3584
Current Psychology - This article presents a short research report on the relationship between perceived antagonism in social relations measured using the Belief in a Zero-Sum Game (BZSG) scale,... 相似文献